Nursing interventions: goals, planning, motivation

Nursing interventions, which are reflected in the care plan, are a list of the actions that the nurse will take in order to solve the problems of a particular patient. In the event that the problem is potential, then such intervention may be aimed at preventing its transition into the real one.

A patient care plan may contain not one, but several activities that can be aimed at solving a single problem. This principle allows both the sister and the patient to realize that several actions have been taken to help achieve the desired result.

Basic principles

Nursing interventions are based on certain principles:

• Relevance to science.
• Concreteness and clarity. This is necessary so that any sister can perform certain actions.
• The reality of performance within a certain period of time, as well as within the qualifications of the sister.
• The focus is on eliminating a specific problem, as well as achieving the goal that was set.

The methods by which nursing interventions are performed, in fact, like the whole planning stage, depend on the model that was chosen.

Purpose of intervention

The goal of the nursing process is to do everything that is necessary to fulfill the designated plan for caring for the patient in accordance with a common task.

There are two main reasons for setting goals for intervention:

1. The direction by which the nurse will act will be determined.
2. These goals are subsequently used to determine the effectiveness of interventions.

The main task of nursing intervention is to involve the patient in this process. After all, this is how the patient's motivation for success occurs, which leads to his speedy recovery. The sister convinces him that it is possible to achieve goals when working together, and together they determine the path by which they will go.

In the intervention plan, individual goals should be recorded, depending on the diagnosis or dominant need. They will be subsequently considered as a result of nursing care.

Types of objectives

Depending on the terms of execution, distinguish short-term goals and long-term ones. The first can include those that can be achieved in one to two weeks, and the second - those that can be achieved after the patient is discharged from the hospital.

All the goals of nursing care necessarily include three components:

• Execution, which is a certain action;
• A criterion that reflects the time of achievement;
• A condition that shows, with the help of whom or what you can achieve the goal.

For example, the patient will be able to sit on the bed using pillows on the fifth day.

Requirements for objectives

There are also several requirements that are raised when setting the goals of the intervention of the sister:

1. They must be real and achievable.
2. For each goal, a specific period must be established, during which time it will be achieved.
3. It is necessary to involve the patient in setting each goal. As already mentioned, with the nursing intervention, the patient's motivation for success is extremely important.

Patient care systems

There are only three systems in which patients are assisted:

1. Completely compensating. In this kind of assistance, several types of patients are most often needed, in particular:

• Those who alone can not perform any type of action because of being unconscious;
• Those who are conscious, but they can not make movements due to illness or at the insistence of the treating physician.
• Those who can not make independent decisions because of their illness.

2. Partially compensating. In this case, the tasks of the sisters should be distributed depending on the degree of limited movement of the patient, as well as on how patient is ready to perceive and perform certain actions.

3. Supportive or advisory. It occurs if the patient is able to take care of himself, and also learn the actions that need to be performed with the help of the sister (for example - outpatient care).

Plan of nursing interventions

After the main goals of nursing care for the patient's main diagnosis have been formulated, the amount of necessary interventions should be planned. The plan in this case can be called a full list of necessary actions of the sister, which she must perform in order to achieve the goals. The list must be written. This is the basis for planning nursing interventions.

Main classification

There are three main types of intervention: dependent, interdependent, as well as independent actions.

Dependent nursing intervention is such an action that the nurse performs in accordance with the doctor's appointments, as well as under his close supervision. To depart from his recommendations, she has no right.

An independent nursing intervention can be called the sister's actions, which she can perform independently, within her competence. Such interventions include monitoring how the patient adapts to the disease, or assisting in the implementation of personal hygiene activities.

Interdependent nursing intervention can be called those actions that are interrelated with the work of other health professionals and are aimed at helping the patient. These actions include manipulation, performed in preparing the patient for laboratory examination, or participating in a doctor's consultation, for example, a nutritionist.

Methods of nursing intervention

Sister's help should be planned taking into account violations in the patient's needs, and the goal is to satisfy them. Methods include:

• Assist the patient with pre-medical care.
• Assistance in the performance of appointments made by a doctor.
• Psychological support and help.
• Assistance in carrying out manipulations of a technical nature.
• Help in creating conditions that will be comfortable for the patient and will contribute to meeting his basic needs.
• Training and counseling of the patient, as well as members of his family, if required.

Pain management

Nursing interventions for pain are aimed at eliminating the causes of its appearance, as well as relieving the patient's suffering. Sometimes the discomfort is unremovable. This is the case with chronic ailments. In such cases, medication will be an intervention and work with the patient to overcome painful sensations. In this case, heat or cold is used, rubbed or stroked the pathological site. How to determine what kind of pain bothers a person?

Indicators that indicate what pain the patient has not yet been developed. But there are special instruments that allow you to assess the feelings of discomfort in strength and character. About how much pain the patient has, you can find out if you carefully observe the various indirect phenomena:

• Increased pressure;
• Whether pupils are dilated;
• Quick breathing;
• Red face or face turned pale;
• Whether muscles twitch;
• Bite their lips.

Examples of nursing interventions

1. All appointments must be performed, all changes in the patient's condition should be reported to the doctor. This is an example of a dependent intervention.

2. Supervision of the patient, provision of pre-medical care, personal personal hygiene, prevention of nosocomial infection, organization of leisure, advice and patient education. This is an independent intervention.

3. Cooperation with care workers, providing assistance, support. Advise a patient on the issues of interest to him. This is an example of interdependent intervention.

We have considered such a concept as nursing intervention, its types and methods.