Nitrogen Residual in Biochemistry of Blood

Many patients are interested in the question - what is the biochemistry of blood, as well as residual nitrogen, the interpretation of blood tests. Biochemical analyzes are widely used in diagnosis, they help to identify serious diseases, such as diabetes, cancerous growths, various anemias, and to take timely measures in treatment. Residual nitrogen is present in urea, creatinine, amino acids, indicator. The level of it can also indicate any pathological changes in the human body.

Blood chemistry

An indicative analysis of the biochemical composition of the blood makes it possible with a high degree of probability to determine at the early stages various changes in tissues and organs. Preparation for biochemistry is carried out in the same way as with the usual taking of blood tests. For research, blood sampling is made from the ulnar vein. Important criteria are as follows:

• Protein availability;
• nitrogenous fractions - residual nitrogen, creatinine, urea content, inorganic compounds;
• the content of bilirubin;
• The level of metabolism of fats.

Residual blood nitrogen - what is it?

In the conduct of biochemical blood tests, the total content of blood substances, into which nitrogen enters, is estimated only after all the proteins have been extracted. The sum of the data is called the residual nitrogen of the blood. This index is recorded only after the proteins are removed, for the reason that they have the most nitrogen in the human body. Thus, the residual nitrogen of urea, amino acids, creatinine, indicator, uric acid, ammonia is determined. Nitrogen can also be contained in other substances of non-protein origin: peptides, bilirubin, other compounds. The data on residual nitrogen analyzes give an idea of the patient's health, point to chronic diseases, most often associated with problems of kidney output and filtering functions. Normally, the residual nitrogen is from 14.3 to 28.5 mmol / liter. An increase in this indicator occurs against the background of:

• polycystic;
• chronic kidney disease;
• hydronephrosis;
• stones in the ureter;
• tuberculous kidney disease.

Diagnostics

Since the sample for nitrogen residual is included in the biochemical analysis, the preparation is carried out according to the same principles as before delivery to other components of this diagnostic. To obtain more correct results, it is necessary to observe a number of rules when donating blood to biochemistry:

• If you have to take a repeat analysis, it is better to do it in the same laboratory as the first time. Since all laboratories have their own diagnostic tests, they differ in systems for evaluating the result.
• The blood sample is taken from the ulnar vein, possibly from the finger, if there is no access to the vein or it is damaged.
• Conduct an analysis on an empty stomach, no less than 9-12 hours after the last meal. You can drink water, but without gas.
• The ideal time for taking blood is usually 7-10 hours in the morning.
• Three days before the analysis it is better to keep the usual diet, you need to remove only fatty, hot and fried.
• For three days it is necessary to exclude sports activities, especially if they are associated with body overload.
• If an analysis is to be performed on residual blood nitrogen, biochemistry requires the withdrawal of medications. With the attending physician, this moment must be discussed.
• The results can be affected by stress, anxiety, so at least half an hour before the samples should sit in a quiet environment.
If the preparation for biochemistry is correct, then the results of the tests will be more reliable. Decryption should be handled only by medical specialists. Indicators often fluctuate relative to the standard, so they can not be interpreted on their own.

The norm of residual nitrogen in the blood

Normal indications in the blood of residual nitrogen fit into the figures from 14.3 to 26.8 mmol / l. It should be noted that the rise of the figure even to 30-36 mmol / l is not treated immediately as a manifestation of pathology. Residual nitrogen, the norm of which is much lower, can rise with the use of nitrogen-containing food, with a dry food, with a shortage of emergency substances. A jump in the indicator may occur before delivery, after enhanced sports training and for a number of other reasons. That is why the delivery of blood biochemistry samples must be carefully prepared. If the analyzes dramatically overstate or underestimate the norm and at the same time there was a correct preparation before taking blood, this could indicate a number of diseases in the body.

The residual nitrogen fraction includes:

• Urea nitrogen (46-60%);
• Creatine (2.5-2.7%);
• Nitrogen of amino acids (25%);
• uric acid (4%);
• Creatinine (2.6-7.5%);
• other products of protein metabolism.

Residual nitrogen is the difference between residual nitrogen and urea nitrogen. Here, the free fraction is represented by free amino acids.

Pathologies

The pathologies of residual nitrogen include:

• Hyperaemia - when the level of residual nitrogen in the blood is too high;
• Hypoazotemia - the residual nitrogen in the blood is underestimated.

Hypoazotemia is most often observed with poor nutrition or in rare cases in pregnancy.

Hyperazotemia is divided into retentional and production.

With retention hyperaemia, renal excretory disorders occur, and kidney failure is diagnosed in this case. The most common causes of retention hyperaemia are the following:

• glomerulonephritis;
• pyelonephritis;
• hydronephrosis or tuberculosis of the kidneys;
• polycystic;
• nephropathy in pregnancy;
• Arterial hypertension in the development of kidney disease;
• Presence of biological or mechanical obstacles to urine outflow (stones, sand, malignant or benign formations in the kidneys, urinary tract).

Productive hyperosotemia

Elevated residual blood nitrogen may indicate production hyperapteremia when the pathological condition is accompanied by a syndrome of endogenous intoxication. Also observed with prolonged stress in the postoperative period. There is a production hyperapteremia in infectious diseases that occur with fever, when there is a progressive decay of tissues, here are diseases: diphtheria, typhus, scarlet fever, croupous pneumonia. Productive hyperaemia is characterized by an increase in the residual nitrogen index from the first day of the disease to the last manifestation of an elevated temperature.

Relative can be observed with increased sweating, thickening of blood, as well as profuse diarrhea, when the water balance is disturbed in the body .

Mixed type of hyperaemiaemia

There are cases when the residual nitrogen is elevated and mixed hyperaemia is determined. It often occurs when poisoning with toxic substances: dichloroethane, mercury salts, other dangerous compounds. The cause may be trauma associated with prolonged squeezing of tissues. In such cases, the necrosis of the renal tissues may occur, while the retention hyperaemia starts together with the production one. In the higher stage of hyperaemia, residual nitrogen in some cases exceeds the norm by a factor of twenty. Such indicators are recorded in extremely severe cases of kidney damage.

Indicators of residual nitrogen are inflated not only with kidney damage. With the disease of Adisson (a violation of the function of the adrenal glands) the norms are also exceeded. This happens in case of heart failure, with high severity burns, dehydration of the body, severe bacterial infections, severe stress and gastric bleeding.

Cure

Eliminate manifestations of excessive residual nitrogen, possibly in time, discovering the cause of this condition. For further treatment, the doctor should prescribe a number of additional studies, according to which he will make a conclusion, establish the correct diagnosis and prescribe the necessary medication or other treatment. In order to detect the disease in time and cure it, it is necessary to undergo tests in time and take all the tests. If any pathology is found, correct treatment will not lead to complications, to pass the disease into an exacerbation and chronic form.