Nodules in the thyroid gland, symptoms and diagnosis

Nodules in the thyroid gland are rounded (not necessarily even) formations that arise in the tissues of the thyroid gland. If they are filled with water, then they are called "cysts".

Large knots on the thyroid gland lead to a feeling of squeezing the throat. People of lean physique formation, revealed by palpation examination, can see for themselves.

Nodules in the thyroid gland, according to statistics, are found in one of fifteen women, at the same time, this ratio among men is one of forty. Generally, tissue formations of the thyroid gland are diagnosed in patients over the age of 50 years. With age, these "malfunctions" in the body are detected more often.

Causes

Among the reasons leading to such a pathology, the main one is the shortage of iodine in food and water. Nodules in the thyroid gland are more common in areas where a lack of iodine has been proven. A decisive role belongs to heredity, when cells with increased sensitivity are transmitted. In this case, a goiter can develop in the form of a single large node or multiple small ones. Formations on the thyroid gland are hyperfunctioning, malofunctional, non-functioning.

Symptoms of the disease and anatomy of the thyroid gland

This gland is one of the main organs of the endocrine system, which is responsible for the production of hormones important for normal metabolic processes throughout the body. The thyroid gland consists of two lobes located along the sides of the trachea and connected by an isthmus.

Basically, the nodes appeared for a long time do not bother the person, not including the slightest changes in health. The following attributes can be included:

• Rapid fatigue;
• Increased drowsiness;
• Excessive activity;
• irritability;
• Unsteadiness of mood;
• Abrupt change in weight;
• Disorders in the digestive tract, accompanied by constipation;
• Dry skin;
• Brittle and dry hair;
• Pain in the muscles;
• Feeling of heat or cold in the limbs.

Nodules in the thyroid gland, diagnosis

Without medical advice, treatment of neoplasms is not carried out, therefore it is important to determine the cause and nature of the pathology. To clarify the clinical diagnosis, the doctor prescribes a number of laboratory examinations, such as ultrasound diagnosis and laboratory tests:

- blood test for TTG - thyroid hormones;

- analysis of blood and urine;

- chest X-ray ;

- examination of the gynecologist;

- electrocardiogram.

Analysis of the thyroid gland on hormones allows to solve an important issue of determining the nature of the neoplasm (benign or malignant).

The procedure is called "fine needle aspiration biopsy" and is a reliable diagnosis. It is performed under ultrasound control. With ultrasound examination, additional disorders, such as adenomatous nodes in the thyroid gland, are determined.

For certain indications, a study called "scintigraphy" is performed. At the same time, radioactive substances are used, showing a characteristic cellular reaction when ingested in the tissues of the organ. The study makes it possible to distinguish between a "cold" or "hot" node.