Klebsiella in the urine: treatment of the disease

Infection with Klebsiella is one of the most common diseases that has a wide clinical picture from mild symptoms to septic manifestations. The microorganism belongs to the category of conditionally pathogenic, that is, those that can live on the mucous membranes, without causing the development of pathology.

Klebsiella in urine, feces or other biological fluids is an important diagnostic factor that requires a complete examination and treatment regimen.

What kind of microorganism?

Klebsiella is a representative of enterobacteria, which is part of the microflora of the human intestinal tract. Has the following features:

• Gram-negative rod;
• Small size;
• Fixed;
• Is located singly, in pairs or in the form of a chain;
• Anaerob (multiplies in conditions of lack of oxygen, but can live even if it is available);
• It is possible to encapsulate in order to transfer unfavorable conditions.

In appearance, the Klebsiella pneumonia, the Klebsiella Oxytoka, the Frish-Volkovitch stick, the Abel-Lavenberg wand, the Klebsiella terrigen, the Klebsiella Platikolu are distinguished. Most often in the defeat of the body involved the first two types of bacteria.

Causes of the disease

An infected person becomes a source of spread of the disease. Pathology can manifest itself in the form of inflammatory processes of the lungs. In this case, bacteria enter the body with inhaled contaminated air during conversation, coughing, sneezing. The fecal-oral route of infection is characteristic for the entry of pathological strains into the gastrointestinal tract. This happens through unwashed hands, food.

The risk of the disease is increased for the following population groups:

• Children from the moment of birth and infants;
• aged people;
• Patients with chronic pathologies;
• Patients with a history of transplantation;
• Suffering from chronic alcoholism, drug addiction.

Klebsiella can be a long time after getting into the body in the form of a safe strain. But there are a number of factors-provocators, causing the transition of bacteria to the pathological state through active growth and reproduction:

• Low level of immune protection (HIV infection, prematurity, weakening of the organism after an infectious disease);
• Unsanitary conditions and violation of hygiene standards - unwashed hands, animal hair and even breast milk may cause the klebsiella in the urine to be detected;
• Long-term use of antibacterial agents;
• Respiratory viral infections;
• Systemic pathologies (eg, diabetes mellitus);
• Bad habits (drug addiction, alcoholism).

Pneumonia

Depending on the pathway of the microorganism, there are lesions of various systems: respiratory, urogenital, circulatory, gastrointestinal tract, nose and upper respiratory tract. Patients are concerned about a sharp rise in temperature, weakness, increased sweating, chills. There is a dry cough, which later turns into wet cough with the presence in the separated veins of blood and pus. Sputum has the smell of rot, dyspnea appears even in a state of rest. On the x-ray, infiltrates of various sizes are visible, which can be single or merge with each other. Lack of timely therapy leads to the generalization of the infectious process with the defeat of other organs (brain, liver, kidneys).

That's how the Klebsiella manifests. Pneumonia in the urine can be detected when it is entered with the blood flow into the organs of the genitourinary system.

Rhinoskleroma and upper respiratory tract infection

On the mucous membranes appear granulomas, in which bacteria are localized. The patient complains of permanent stuffiness, which is not removed by vasoconstrictive drugs. In the nasal cavity appear crusts, which produce a fetid odor and bleed when removed.

Later, the mucous membrane is atrophied, the person ceases to perceive the smells to a sufficient degree. A small amount of viscous thick sputum forms, which is difficult to separate. It is accompanied by sensation of a lump in the throat, perspiration, subfebrile condition.

Infection of the gastrointestinal tract

The disease is more often caused by two kinds of chopsticks: Klebsiella pneumonia and oxytoca. Depending on where the bacteria are located, gastritis, enterocolitis, enteritis can develop. The patient has the following symptoms of infection:

• stomach ache;
• Attacks of heartburn;
• nausea and vomiting;
• lack of appetite;
• weakness;
• high body temperature;
• Liquid frequent stool with veins of blood, mucus, green impregnations, has the smell of rot.

Klebsiella oxytok in the urine, as well as the bacterium of pneumonia, is determined against the background of infection by an ascending or hematogenic pathway. This is typical for newborns and infants, as well as for older people who, for medical reasons, can not independently service themselves.

Disorders of the genitourinary system

Klebsiella in the urine of a child or an adult can talk about the primary infection of the urinary tract and the reproductive system. The disease can occur in the form of acute or chronic pyelonephritis, cystitis, inflammation of the prostate. Clinical manifestations of infection do not differ in specificity, so they require a properly conducted differential diagnosis.

For klebsiellezny cystitis is characterized by:

• Frequent painful urination;
• Sensation of itching and burning;
• Urine becomes turbid, excreted by drop, may have impurities of blood;
• A subfebrile condition;
• nausea;
• Klebsiella in urine, determined by the bacteriological method of investigation.

Pyelonephritis is manifested as follows:

• Increased body temperature;
• Aching pain in the lumbar region;
• Dysuria, accompanied by soreness;
• Dyspeptic manifestations in the form of nausea and vomiting;
• Signs of an organism intoxication;
• Klebsiella in urine, determined by the bacteriological method of investigation.

Symptoms of prostatitis:

• Dysuria;
• The feeling that the bladder is constantly full;
• Pain in the groin and abdomen;
• Disorders of sexual function;
• Nervousness, depressive state;
• Klebsiella in urine, detected by the bacteriological method of investigation.

Features of infection of pregnant women

Infection of the lung tissue of pregnant women is fraught with severe consequences for the fetus, since bacteria have the property of forming infiltrates, which are replaced later by a connective tissue. This process reduces the amount of oxygen supplied not only to the mother's body, but also to the baby.

How is the Klebsiella treated? Pneumonia in the urine during pregnancy requires the use of antibacterial agents, and in the early stages of embryogenesis, this is fraught with the development of congenital anomalies and mutations. In order to reduce the risk of developing such pathologies, pregnant women are prescribed antibiotic bacteriophages. They are also effective against Klebsiella, but less traumatic for the baby's body.

Infection of newborns and infants

The disease is typical for premature babies, who have symptoms of damage to the central nervous system and the muscular system. Gram-negative rods can affect any organs until the development of blood infection. Against the backdrop of severe toxicosis, newborns can lose up to 0.5 kg of their own and so small weight for 2-3 days from the onset of disease manifestations. The skin becomes gray with signs of acrocyanosis. The following clinic appears:

• Convulsive seizures;
• high body temperature;
• Hemodynamic disorders;
• Defeat of the heart muscle;
• acidosis.

Klebsiella in the urine of a baby and a newborn can appear due to her getting a hematogenous or ascending route when the urinary organs come into contact with the feces.

Methods for the determination of Klebsiella in the urine

The following diagnostic methods are used:

• Bacterioscopy - put the material on a petri dish, paint on the Gram.
• Bacteriological method - the material is sown on a nutrient medium and the growth rates of microorganisms are estimated.
• Serological method - determine the presence and level of antibodies in the blood serum of the patient to the causative agent of the disease.
• General clinical analysis, coprogram, instrumental methods.

Features of therapy

Klebsiella in urine, the treatment of which should be timely and comprehensive, requires the appointment of etiotropic, pathogenetic and post-dromatic therapy. Mild manifestations of the disease allow outpatient treatment, in other cases hospitalization in the hospital of the infectious disease department is necessary.

For outpatient therapy use:

• Probiotics are drugs that restore normal microflora. Representatives - "Bifiform", "Lactobacterin", "Bifikol", "Lineks." Take for 10-14 days.
• Bacteriophages can be used from birth. The dosage is chosen by the doctor depending on the age of the patient.

The principle of such a regimen is also used in the case when the Klebsiella in the urine is determined during pregnancy.

Children before adolescence and people who have a severe form of illness need mandatory hospitalization. In such cases, antibacterial agents are prescribed with the obligatory determination of the sensitivity of the pathogens to the drugs. Depending on the age, the following groups of antibiotics are selected:

• Penicillins - "Ampicillin", "Ampioks";
• Aminoglycosides - "Streptomycin", "Monomycin";
• Cephalosporins - "Cefotaxime", "Ceftriaxone";
• Tetracyclines - "Tetraolean", "Tetracycline";
• Fluoroquinolones - "Ciprofloxacin", "Ofloxacin".

Pathogenetic therapy requires the use of antipyretic, detoxifying drugs, as well as means for rehydration. The specialist can prescribe antiemetic and expectorant medicines, herbal preparations. A vaccine to prevent infection with Klebsiella has not been developed. Preventive measures are hygienic education of children, strengthening of immunity and timely treatment of chronic foci of infection in the body.