Mushrooms in the Krasnodar Territory. Edible mushrooms: names, descriptions, where and when to collect

Some people are interested in: "What can you do in the south in the late autumn?" Of course, go for mushrooms! In the middle of autumn, their real season begins. Mushrooms in the forests of the Krasnodar Territory under breathtaking names - white, royal, mushroom, Caesar, scum, etc. - inhabit the rich forests. Local residents are sure that if you know the places, it is easy to type on a bag of various mushrooms.

There are only 1.5 million species of mushrooms on the planet. Some of them are visible to the person, since the specimens are large enough. They are called macromycetes. Fruit large bodies form.

Now we will find out which mushrooms can be harvested in October in the Krasnodar Territory.

Edible mushrooms

These fruiting bodies do not need to be processed before use. In order to cook them, thoroughly clean and hot water. However, in people edible are usually called fungi conditionally edible, that is, those that are suitable for food after heat treatment.

Porcini

Starting to consider edible fungi in the Krasnodar Territory, of course, it should begin with this. His hat is 8-25 cm in diameter, 2-6 cm thick, convex, hemispherical, sometimes flat and pillow-shaped, brown, dark brown, yellowish brown, light brown. The edge is one-piece, straight, thick, even. Surface thin-woven, smooth, sometimes dry, wrinkled, matte. At the same time, the skin is not separated from the pulp.

The flesh is 1.3-4 cm thick, dense, fleshy, with aging white, more friable. The smell is pleasant, the taste is uneventful. Pipes 0.7-2 cm long, white. The white mushroom in the Krasnodar region has pores rounded, small, white, eventually turning yellow. The lower part of the cap also turns yellow and becomes yellowish green in the old age.

Leg about 10 cm long, tubularly thickened toward the base, periodically almost cylindrical, slightly curved or straight, dry, solid, matte, light brown or whitish with a mesh white pattern in the upper region of the foot.

White mushroom in the Krasnodar Territory is widespread everywhere (around the village of Saratov, Smolensk, Kaluga, Stavropol, Hot Key), hornbeam, oak, fir-beech, pine forests, shrubs, felling, sandy loamy, clay soil.

Grabovik

We continue to consider the fungi of the Krasnodar Territory. Autumn is a great time to collect a hornbeam.

His cap is 10 cm in diameter, cushion-shaped and prolate-convex, hemispherical, yellowish-brownish, golden yellow, brownish-greenish, dark brown and brown with aging. The edge is even, solid, thick. Completely dry surface, slightly wrinkled, matt.

Because of the cracking of the peel, particles appear resembling scales. Between them is visible a fibrous grayish-white flesh. It is fleshy, thick, whitish-grayish, fibrous-cotton-like. It becomes a violet-pink at the break, then it gets dark. Sweetish taste, pleasant mushroom smell. The tubules are 0.8-2.2 cm long. The pores are round-oval, small. The bottom surface of the cap and the edge of the pores are golden yellow, dark yellow with age.

The leg is 8-14 cm long, 0.9-1.1 cm thick, curved or straight, thickened downwards, the base is pointed, the middle is almost cylindrical and thickened, solid, whitish-grayish in the upper part, below is slightly darker, yellowish with aging, Scaly fibrous. Pulp is firm, yellowish or whitish-gray, turns pink at the break, then turns red (slightly turning blue at a young age).

The collection of mushrooms is carried out in the foothill belt (near the village of Ku-Thais, in the vicinity of the villages of Saratov, Smolensk), in the forest of hardwoods.

The real chanterelle

Telling which mushrooms grow in the Krasnodar Territory, special attention should be paid to chanterelles. And this is due primarily to their appearance. Hat in diameter 3-9 cm, thickness up to 1.3 cm, convex, in the middle depressed, periodically funnel-shaped. The edge is bent down, wavy, solid, thin. Fungus is yellow-egg color. The surface is dry, smooth, matte, glabrous, the flesh from the skin is not separated.

Fresh taste, pleasant mushroom smell. Larvae are almost never affected. Hymenophore in the form of branched veins, running down the mushroom leg. The veins that replace the plates, narrow, sometimes thick, in the form of folds, are very rare, do not separate from the flesh.

Leg is curved or straight, thinner in the lower part, passes upward into a hat, monochrome, solid, eccentric or central, dry, smooth, matte, glabrous.

So where do they collect mushrooms in the Krasnodar region of this species? Everywhere! For this purpose, the mountain and piedmont belt (the area of the villages of Smolensk, Kaluzhskaya, Kamyshanovaya Polyana, Hot Key, between Kardyvach and Krasnaya Polyana, near Arkhyz, Psebaia, near Zelenchukskaya station), in a hornbeam-oak, mixed and coniferous forest Caucasian fir, aspen, beech, hazel, maple, hawthorn), on all kinds of soil, mainly with a cover of moss.

Openck real

You have already learned which mushrooms grow in the Krasnodar Territory. Now it is worth considering the hood. His hat is 5-10 cm, hemispherical, prostrate, flat-convex, dirty-brown, grayish-yellowish, darker to the middle. The edge is bent down, then straight, straight, thin, solid. The surface is absolutely dry, moist only in wet weather, covered with thin dark brown, brown scales.

Thin, unbreakable, fleshy, white flesh. Kislovato-astringent taste, pleasant smell. Plates shortly descending, frequent, white, then brownish-yellow, often with a touch of white spores, solid edge.

The leg is almost always curved. Cylindrical, central, slightly thickened downwards (growing occasionally solitary, bundle), solid, of general color with a hat, slightly paler at the top. Borozdchataya above the ring, below - elastic, fibrous. Coverlet in the form of an off-white filmy ring.

Now we will find out where the mushrooms are gathered in the Krasnodar Territory. It is a mountain and piedmont belt (near the villages of Smolensk, Kaluga, Serpukhov, Ilsky, Psebye, Kamyshanova Polyana, Arkhyz, Laba), on glades, in forests, at the base of trunks, on stumps, on roots and live trunks of various Rocks.

Marrow without a ring

What other fungi grow in the Krasnodar Territory? Of course, an open-hearth without a ring. It has a great similarity to the species considered above. It grows in bundles, in close groups, thus forming "bushes" or "families". Each leg has a thickened upper part and no ring, unlike the previous one. Plates are long descending.

It grows in the foothills (the area of the villages of Smolensk, Kaluga), in glades, in oak forests, felling, and also on the dead roots of oak.

The mushroom is edible, recalls the fall autumnal in its taste qualities.

Brown cap

We continue to consider the fungi in the Krasnodar Territory. In a poderezozikovika ordinary hat in diameter 5-15 cm, 3-4 cm thick, cushion-shaped, hemispherical, almost black-brown or brownish-white. The edge is one-piece, straight, thick. The surface is slightly wrinkled or smooth, matte, dry.

The flesh from the skin is not separated. It is fleshy, up to 2.5 cm thick, white, dense. The upper layers turn blue at the break, the bulk darkens or slightly turns pink. Without a special smell and taste. The tubes go to the edge of the cap. Their pores are round, small, creamy-white or white, sometimes brown with aging.

Feet spindle-shaped at a young age, thickened below, then practically cylindrical, white, solid, covered with dark-brown, grayish scales. Flesh is fibrous, dense, strong. The leg turns blue with a break in the periphery.

Mushroom picking takes place in the mountain and piedmont zones (the district of the villages of the Smolensk, Kaluga, Engelman Glade, Kamyshanovaya Glade and Hot Key) villages, in deciduous and mixed forests of aspen, beech, fir, birch, pear, apple, hornbeam, hazel, On different soil.

Yezhovik yellow

But you can find not only the above mushrooms in the Krasnodar Territory. There is also the Yezhovik yellow. His hat is 5-12 cm in diameter, convex, thick, mostly uneven, pinkish-yellowish or yellowish. Edge most often wavy, irregular, thick. Absolutely not peeled. Flesh is fleshy, thick (corky to old age), white. Smell and taste mushroom, pleasant. Of the spinules is a hymenophore. Spines very brittle, thin, pinkish.

Leg usually curved, narrowed to base, cylindrical, less often central, more often eccentric, solid, creamy or whitish. The flesh is the same color as the flesh of the hats.

It grows in the mountain and foothill belts (the district of the villages of the Krupostnoye, Kaluzhskaya, Kamyshanova Polyana, Hot Key, between the Kardyvach lake and the Krasnaya Polyana stanitsa Zelenchukskaya, between and Psebay). Mushrooms can be found in conifers (pine, fir), deciduous and mixed forests.

The real moron

We continue to consider the fungi in the Krasnodar Territory. In this species the hat is 4-8 cm tall, 3-5 cm wide, brownish, ovate. The edge mainly with the foot fuses completely. Mesh surface, rounded cells. The flesh is brittle, waxy, white. Smell and taste mushroom, pleasant.

Leg height 4-9 cm, thickness up to 3 cm, slightly curved or straight, even, cylindrical, whitish-yellowish, hollow.

In food is used in fresh (stewed, fried) form. It certainly requires pre-processing, because it is easy to confuse with the line, conditionally edible.

Truffle white

This fruit body is of round irregular shape, mostly with tubercles or folds, resembling a walnut or potato tuber. Size 4-10 cm (strongly decreases with drying), weight - up to 500 g. Grayish-white surface, then light-brownish, smooth, old age fractured.

Fleshy flesh, white at a young age, then grayish-yellowish. Has on a cut a marble pattern with sinuous dark lines, where bags are located. Fruit body at a young age without aroma, while at maturation has a pleasant, strong enough mushroom taste and aroma.

Champignon common

The cap of this fungus is about 5-10 cm, convex, half-spherical, flat-convex, gray-brownish or white, does not change when pressed. The edge is curved, then straight, one-piece, even, thin. Smooth surface, the skin from the pulp is easily separated. The flesh is dense, fleshy, white, slightly pink at the break. Smell and taste mushroom, pleasant. Plates are frequent, loose, pink at first, then brownish, brownish, and finally dark brown, almost black. They are not recommended for use at this age. The plate has a one-piece edge.

Leg curved or straight, cylindrical, central, narrowed to the base or even, solid, thickened, smooth, whitish, matte, dry. Staining under pressure does not change.

Bedspread in the form of a white, single-layer, fixed ring, located on the stalk. At the same time, there is no general blanket.