Opyat autumn. Autumn fallow is a dangerous double (name)

Fall autumn mushrooms begin to appear in the forests near the end of August. You can collect them all the first half of September. Autumn mushrooms grow in waves. Depending on the weather conditions, in each year there may be 2-3 waves of these fungi, the first of which is usually the most abundant. Another feature of the growth of autumnal snogs - they appear quickly and abundantly, and then just as sharply disappear. Therefore, lovers of "quiet hunting" is important not to miss the start of the collection.

In what forests does this species occur?

The autumn mushroom can be considered a cosmopolitan of our latitudes. It can be found in almost any forest, whose age exceeds 30 years. Honey mushrooms grow on more than 200 types of trees. As a rule, these fungi appear colonies on dry trunks, windmills, stumps, roots and trunks of living plants. Most often, foothills are found on firs and birches, a little less often they can be found on pines, aspens and oaks. Wood mushrooms are medics of temperate forest . Settled on dead wood, they destroy it. In this case, valuable elements are returned to the biological circulation of substances , of which it consists. On the same spot, autumn mushrooms can be collected for up to 15 years in a row. After this period, the wood is completely destroyed by the mycelium.

The autumn colonies grow very abundantly. From one stump it is possible to collect several liters of these valuable mushrooms. Young firearms with an unopened bonnet are collected together with a leg. In grown-up mushrooms, only hats are cut. Their legs do not have nutritional value.

There are many recipes for the preparation of these fungi. Honey mushrooms can be boiled, marinated, dried and salted, and fried. When picking mushrooms, you do not need to pull out their legs "from the root" from the wood, so as not to damage the mycelium, which in the next year will please you with an abundant harvest.

Precautionary measures

However, going to the forest, it is important to remember and precautions. Many edible mushrooms have poisonous twins, so no year passes without poisoning. Before going to the forest it is important to study the signs not only of the species that you plan to collect, but also similar to them, which are better to miss. If you are not sure that this particular mushroom - just edible, you do not need to risk your health, better leave it in the forest!

Myths about edible and poisonous mushrooms

Do not listen to "grandmother's" advice on how to distinguish a poisonous mushroom from an edible. For example, some people seriously believe that poisonous species are not eaten by forest animals or snails. In the fallacy of this statement, you can see for yourself - even fatal poganku for people without a problem for their lives eat slugs and insects. Another "unmistakable" way to make sure of the edibility of the gifts of the forest - with their cooking process, heat with them a silver spoon (or an onion).

They say that if they do not darken, then it means that among the fungi there is not one poisonous. Of course, this is not true. Silver can darken, for example, from a boletus, but will not change its color when heated with the same pale toadstool. You can check it yourself, but it's better not to make such experiments. Also in the people there are myths that mushrooms become poisonous if they grow near rusty iron or snake nests. Such stories should be treated as folklore, interesting as folk legends, but not of practical value.

Do I need to know the signs of poisonous mushrooms?

Equally absurd and dangerous are the beliefs of some optimistic people who think that poisonous mushrooms are rare, so do not bother to head them with distinctive features. In fact, in our forests you can find about 90 such species, and about 10 of them are deadly to us.

Of course, this does not mean that in order to avoid poisoning with mushrooms, they need to be bought only in grocery stores. The purpose of this article is to show the reader the importance of knowing not only tasty and edible species, but also the signs by which they can be distinguished from poisonous twins.

Mushrooms-doubles of an autumn assessment

By some indications, edible species can resemble poisonous ones. And there are quite a few similar cases. Among the mushroom pickers, the pair "autumn fall is a dangerous double" is known. The name of the inedible kinsman is a false apron. This is a generalized name for several species, which have some similarity to the autumn sweep. These fungi belong to the genera Githoloma and Psalitrella. Some of them are considered inedible, some are poisonous. In occasion of separate kinds discussions till now, whether it is possible to consider them conditionally-edible are. But clear evidence that a person who consumes them for food will not hurt himself, no. Therefore, it is better not to take risks and limit yourself to collecting only the autumnal furs. Moreover, there are a lot of them in the forest during the season.

Where do inedible and poisonous counterparts grow?

False firearms grow in the same places as edible ones - on stumps, windmills and live trees, so a beginner mushroom picker can make a mistake. In order to be sure that the collected forest gifts can be eaten, you need to know the signs of edible mushrooms and their dangerous counterparts.

Differences between the false estimate and the estimate of the autumn

A dangerous double can easily be distinguished from its edible kindred.

The first thing you should pay attention to is the color of the hat. The edible cannabis has a color ranging from beige to yellowish-dark brown. And old mushrooms are usually darker than young mushrooms. Parts of hats, closed from the sun, are usually much lighter. The dangerous double of the fall of autumn often has a bright, evocative color.

The second distinctive feature is the coloring of the dispute. At edible they are white, so on the hats of old mushrooms you can see a white coating. This is the dispute. Mutehta with their help. The third thing that should be checked is the presence of a filbert "skirt" on the leg of the canvas. A false autumn spill does not have it. This sign is the most important difference, which is worth paying attention to. "Yubochka" autumnal openca is the remnant of a protective veil enveloping a young fungus. A dangerous twin of autumnal autumn has not such a blanket.

The fourth difference, which helps to distinguish the dangerous double of the autumnal fall is the color of the plates on the inside of the mushroom cap. In inedible species, which it is better not to deal with, the plates are yellow, if the fungus is young, and greenish-olive in the old. For the fall, typical cream, beige or light yellow color of the plates is characteristic.

The fifth difference is the surface of the mushroom cap. In autumn it is covered with small scales. And their coloration is usually darker than the hat itself. But the old mushrooms of the scales are lost and become smooth. True, and the nutritional value of such overgrown mushrooms no longer have, so they do not interest mushroom pickers.

The sixth sign that will help distinguish an edible mushroom is its smell. Opyat autumn smells nice, and the smell of false gives mold.

Conclusion

Knowledge of these signs will be enough to be able to distinguish the autumn fallow. Photo fungus will help you not to be mistaken. But it's even better to take an experienced connoisseur with you, who will show you how autumn mushrooms look. After you see them with your own eyes, it will be difficult for you to confuse them with some other kind. But the old woman has an erudition, so do not forget the main rule of mushroom pickers: "I'm not sure - do not take it."