Mites in the Rostov region: description, views, photos. Are there encephalitis mites in the Rostov region?

In May 2015 in the Rostov region, the tick bite ended with the death of a man, an employee of RZD, a resident of the Zimovnikovsky District. Living in a remote farmstead, he turned to medical help very late.

The mites are coming!

In May 2013, the first cause of death was a tick, and it happened here, in the Rostov region. In 2014, two facts of death from acari bite were recorded. Ticks in the Rostov region are now a real threat for a number of reasons. First, premature heat contributed to the creation of favorable conditions for the early activation of arthropods. Secondly, for mites, not without the help of man, all conditions for active reproduction have been created, and each female is capable of postponing from 1,000 to 17,000 eggs. True, survive from this number of units.

Causes of attack Pridonia

The livestock of the region is destroyed. Thousands of herds of cows and bulls, millions of sheep, trampling before the grass, the natural habitat of ticks, are absent. Sanitary treatment of territories is poorly conducted due to its high cost. All this leads to the fact that mites in the Rostov region attack residents in their own courtyards. The worst thing is that these arthropods from the arachnids class cause Crimean hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis and many other deadly diseases.

Predator Bloodsuckers

11 cases of tick bites, fixed in the area, caused the disease CHF. The abbreviation stands for "Crimean hemorrhagic fever". To date, the Don recorded 7 types of bloodsucking ticks, attacking a man. And these predators feel the approach of the warm-blooded feeder at a distance of up to 5 meters. They are found not only on the soil, they can be found at a height of up to 1 meter. Kinds of ticks in the Rostov region have the following names in Latin: Hyalomma marginatum and N. scupense, D. Marginatus and R. rossicns, I. ricinus, I. laguri and Haem. Punctata. More recently, only in 2008, there were only single specimens of these blood-sucking arthropods, and now they have captured almost the entire region. A detailed scientific description of each species here does not make sense, they all have common features.

A bouquet of deadly diseases

Ticks in the Rostov region, especially ixodids, are carriers of the following serious diseases - the aforementioned CGL, Ku fever, tularemia and such a dangerous, identified this year in the region of natural focal infection, as borreliosis, or Lyme disease. Ticks are especially active in Proletarian, Salsk, Volgodonsk, Veselovsky and Martynovsky districts. There are 900 cases of human tick bite in the region.

The most common species in the region

What are these parasites? Acarology (a science that studies ticks) describes 40,000 of their species, of which ixodids, or parasitic, blood-sucking acari, are known to have just over 650 species. Which of them are mites in the Rostov region? The photo attached below shows one of the most active bloodsuckers. The most common species that affected 43 districts and 11 cities of the region is D. marginatus, which very easily adapts to the environment and is the causative agent of vector-borne diseases, that is, it is, in essence, a carrier of contagious diseases from one person to another.

The work is underway

And the distributor of the Crimean fever, type HT marginatum, spread in 40 districts and 9 cities, although not so long ago it could be found only in the south and southeast of the region. As already noted, all fatalities occurred as a result of human infection with CHF, although seven species recorded in the Rostov region may cause a whole bouquet of severe diseases. The cause may be crushing the parasite on the skin (which can not be done at all), and directly bite the mite. The Rostov region, according to the MOE and Rospotrebnadzor, is experiencing the invasion of these arthropods. The situation is so dangerous that, despite the high cost, 11.5 million rubles were released to fight these parasites. The goal is to process the territory of the Rostov Region. The Governor added another 1.8 million rubles.

Carriers of encephalitis

On the question "Are there encephalitis mites in the Rostov region?" Can be answered in the affirmative. Parasitological carriers of tick-borne encephalitis, diseases that primarily affect the central nervous system, were previously found only in the southeast of the region, but recently single cases have been observed everywhere. Tick-borne meningoencephalitis is spread by tick bites , whose activity occurs in May-June, they are called Ixodes ricinus. This species was found in the Rostov region. Ticks of this species are carriers and a reservoir for the neurotropic virus of tick-borne encephalitis.

Virus reservoirs

In the wild, the virus circulates between ticks and additional intermediate hosts, which are animals, mainly birds and rodents. But a deadly virus is also found in anthropurgic foci (areas that are heavily altered as a result of human activity). Here, additional reservoirs for it are goats and cows. And this virus can be transmitted through the egg to the offspring of these pets. A person can get infected through bites and crushing a tick on the skin (the transmissive pathway) or in an alimentary transfer - when raw foods from infected animals enter the human body. The virus, adapted to low temperatures, is easily destroyed at already at 70 degrees. Encephalitic mites in the Rostov region are particularly active in May-June, but in August and September there is an increase in the incidence. When you bite, the virus immediately enters the bloodstream. The incubation period in this case lasts 2-3 weeks, when ingested with infected foods - 4-7 days.

Creepy bouquet of diseases

Of all the above-mentioned species of mites living in the Rostov region, it remains to consider H. Scupens, RH. Rossicns, I. laguri and Haem. Punctata. These ticks are the causative agents of the following diseases.

The initial Latin letter H in the name of a species means the genus to which this species belongs, in this case Hyalomma. All species of this subgroup are carriers of CHF. H. Scupens is ubiquitous and parasitizes on animals during the cold season, from October to May. They are carriers of blood-parasitic animal diseases, such as hemosporidosis. The genus Haemaphysalis (in our case Haem.Punctata), discovered in 1844, unites mites with short proboscis with which they transmit the causative agents of tularemia, brucellosis, Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever and even human plague. The initial letter I (I. laguri) means that this kind of tick refers to long-stemmed, which are carriers of bacterial and viral infections of man. What mites in the Rostov region belong to the genus, designated in the title in capital letters RH? Rhipicephalys (in the Rostov region species - Rossicns) are small mites, peddlers of babesiosis, acute infectious disease of animals and humans. It was first discovered in Yugoslavia in 1957.

Some data

Acari Ixodidae is the most numerous group of parasitic arthropods. Mites in the Rostov region, the description of which can be continued with information about the dimensions, is very dangerous. All species have the following data - the length of a mature male is 2.5 mm, the size of a hungry female is 3-4 mm (poured blood, it increases more than 2-3 times and reaches 10 mm). Stages of development of the tick are as follows: egg, larva, nymph, adult (adult).

Taking into account the danger of ticks and the increasing desire of Rostov citizens every year to visit nature as often as possible, it becomes necessary to know certain rules of protection and prevention.

The most frequently detected virus in the Rostov Region

The KGL virus is constantly circulating on the territory of the region. Since this type of disease is deadly, and the region is especially susceptible to it, it should be examined in more detail.

Nairovirus family Bunyaviridae - the virus KGL - has a fatality rate of 10-40%. The carriers are both wild and domestic animals. They all become infected with a tick bite, and the infection stays in the blood for a week. If the infected animal bites other mites, the "tick-animal-mite" connection occurs. Several species of these arthropods can be infected with KGL viruses, but the main carrier of this arthropod is, as noted above, Hyalomma mites.

Danger of infection

A person becomes infected in several cases - directly with a bite, when working with clogged infected animals. This danger is primarily affected by people engaged in livestock. There is an infection with nosocomial infection, when the mandatory rules for sterilization of medical equipment are not observed. There is an infection from person to person - in close contact with patients. When KGL is infected with a tick bite, the incubation period lasts 3 days (however, up to 9 days were recorded), and when exposed to infected tissues or blood, 5-6 days (maximal 13).

Features of the disease

Characteristic symptoms: high temperature, the head and all muscles begin to ache, followed by sharp pains in the back and lower back, there is photophobia, palpitation. All of them appear suddenly. Pain in the throat and abdomen is replaced by sharp mood swings and enlarged liver. All this is accompanied by a rash, which appears as a result of hemorrhages under the skin and on the inner surfaces of the mucous membranes. The indicators deteriorate with each hour, and on the fifth day the patient may experience severe renal or pulmonary insufficiency. Death usually occurs in the second week of the disease, and signs of recovery appear on the 9-10th day. For treatment use "Ribavirin" - an effective synthetic drug. Detailed advice on how to behave after visiting the places of probable presence of a tick, and a list of what can not be done categorically, and what needs to be done, all people living in hazardous areas should know.