Mark Tullius Cicero - politician, orator, sage

Mark Tullius Cicero ... Not enough epithets of the Russian language in order to describe the great Roman speaker, statesman, an amazing sage.

About achievements

Thanks to the works written by Mark Tullius Cicero - about the state, the politics of emperors and kings, modern researchers can accurately describe the events of the past.

The great Roman sage preached philosophy in its special interpretation, namely, he introduced a huge number of new concepts. For example, a definition is a set of explanatory signs of an object; Progress - climbing, moving forward and so on.

The beginning of the Stoic era

One of the most outstanding representatives of the philosophy of stoicism was Mark Tullius Cicero. He talked a lot about the fact that the only source of happiness is none other than human virtue. In the understanding of virtue, Cicero invested such qualities of personality as wisdom, courage, justice, moderation in all endeavors.

Thus, through his teachings and thoughts, the ancient Roman sage tried to understand what the solution to the problem of opposition to personal gain and moral duty was. Understanding this issue, Mark Tullius Cicero came to the conclusion that it is necessary to study practical philosophy.

The culture of Ancient Rome: aesthetics, beauty and eloquence

The moral-cognitive position of the philosopher included an inseparable unity between eloquence and the moral moral content of the individual. Based on the availability of these personal qualities, according to Cicero, it could turn out to be quite a good speaker.

At the basis of the development of Roman philosophy laid a solid basis of ancient Greek culture. Mark Tullius Cicero spoke about the comprehension of true philosophical thought, about the concept of its deep questions, which depend on genuine eloquence - they must have every self-respecting Roman. Learning the art of speech is what is necessary for the society of Ancient Rome.

Along with eloquence philosopher stressed the importance of moral beauty. "It is impossible to achieve deep thoughts and true knowledge, if your thoughts pursue low goals," said Cicero.

Literary heritage

In addition to deep reasoning, Mark Tullius Cicero left a rich literary heritage. It is impossible to describe the volume of all works, speeches and letters; Many were recognizable during his lifetime, many were published only after several centuries. Most of the works are addressed to specific personalities - friends of the speaker Titus Pomponius and Mark Tullius Tiron. In total, about 57 manuscripts were preserved, according to unofficial data, the same number was lost.

A huge world heritage is several works of philosophical content: the book "On the speaker," "Orator" and "Brutus." Here Cicero talks about the ideal methods of teaching and instilling the skills of oratory, and also thinks over questions about the individual style of the speaker.

It is worth mentioning the works of political content. The most famous to date are the works "On the State", "On the Laws". Here Mark Tullius Cicero, whose biography contains management experience, discusses the structure of the ideal state. The ideas he laid down in each of his work were realized through the Roman constitution: a successful combination of such bodies as the Senate, the Consulate and the People's Assembly.

For the writing of later works, Cicero used the Latin language as the main one, through which he tried to find a solution to the problems of ancient Greek philosophers. A lot of information can be picked up from the correspondence of the philosopher, which was addressed to well-known personalities. In total there were about 4 meetings of letters.

The value of philosophical teachings in the future

Thanks to the Roman philosopher, classical Latin prose fiction has appeared, impregnated with the wisdom of oratorical art, as well as profound philosophical thoughts. If initially a small amount of attention was drawn to this literary trend, then in subsequent centuries it was considered exemplary and the most correct.

After the death of Cicero, compared with a huge number of speakers, among whom was the most famous Demosthenes - a representative of Greek culture and oratory. After more than 100 years, this comparison is one of the most controversial and interesting.

The philosophical teachings of Mark Tullius were valued not only in the era of modernity, but also in the finicky Middle Ages, and also in the bright New Times, where the recognition of the views of the past as actual was a rarity. Cicero believed that the main criterion of the value of a person is his education, which can only be donated by Greek culture. He first used the term humanitas to refer to a well-educated, well-read and generally educated person with the proper moral qualities.