Management of forces and means on a fire: structure, management principles

Extinguishing most of the fires involved in a variety of units, so the management of forces and means in a fire is simply necessary. The organization of interaction between the units is one of the decisive prerequisites for success in eliminating this disaster.

Composition

Management of forces and means on a fire includes many components. First of all, it is an assessment of the current situation and the creation of a fire-fighting headquarters, and officials are given certain competencies and personal responsibility for the performance of tasks. Management of forces and means on a fire is a planning of actions and definition of necessary resources. Further - making the right decisions and organizing the work, setting tasks, responding quickly to changing the situation and ensuring control.

Management of forces and means on a fire is the account of changes in conditions, correct organization of work of all divisions for suppression of a fire and registration of the necessary information that all carried out actions were directed on efficiency of this work. Directly supervised by firefighting is the senior officer who has been trained and has been granted admission in accordance with the established procedure for the management of firefighting.

The principles governing the management of forces and assets in a fire are one-man management and strict subordination. When the organizational structure of bodies, commanders of forces and means of fire-fighting is created, the principle of one-man management is fundamental. The central figure of management - the head of firefighting (RTP) - takes over the management of forces and assets in a fire, the powers of the extinguishing participants are determined by him. Carrying out rescue operations is also within his competence.

The principles governing the management of forces and assets in a fire are based on extinguishing experience, and in today's conditions, following them acquires special significance. The development of tactical and technical actions at exceptionally high rates makes work extremely stressful, sharp changes in the situation require the pursuit of a unified strategy. Therefore, only the RTP has the ability to centrally manage all activities and is able to direct the actions of subordinates to eliminate fire and carry out rescue work.

RTP

The fire extinguishing director gives instructions that are mandatory for execution. No one has the right to interfere with his actions or to abolish his orders. This applies to all officials and citizens in the area where the fire fighting and rescue work is carried out. The definition of the management of forces and assets in a fire is also the prerogative of the head (RTP). They can be:

1. If one guard is working - his chief or the senior of this unit, who came to the firefighting at the head of this guard.

2. If several guards interact on the fire - the most senior in the position of the person of the territorial garrison of the local fire protection, which is determined according to the annex to the departure schedule and the legislation of the Russian Federation.

3. Defining the management of forces and assets in a fire is the return of the first order from the senior operational officer. This is considered a point of acceptance of the firefighting leadership for them.

If the senior official, who is the head of the firefighting service, receives information about the occurrence of another fire, of a higher rank (number), he appoints another operational officer from among those who are nearby and leaves this place of fire, which is necessarily communicated to the dispatcher in the GPO, Where an appropriate entry is made in the documents. There may also be other reasons why the management of forces and assets in a fire is transferred to another person.

Duties of the head

RTP manages all means and forces and at the same time is fully responsible for the result. His practical work relies on the management bodies, first of all - the operational headquarters, the chiefs of all firefighting areas, who help him in tactical and technical actions during the management of the unit in the entrusted area. Also on the part of the firefighting leader, the management of forces and assets on the fire provides for the adoption of decisions and setting tasks, the organization of interaction and the provision of coherent tactical and technical actions for effective firefighting. All these actions the head produces directly with the units or with the help of the operational headquarters.

The head of the firefighting system establishes the boundaries of the territory where the actions are taking place - extinguishing and rescue operations, and the specifics and order of the specified actions are also determined by the head. He also carries out reconnaissance and determines the rank (number) of the fire, then attracts the necessary means and forces of units in sufficient quantity. The head takes decisions that restrict the rights of citizens in the fire fighting area so that they do not interfere with saving people and property. It is the RTP that determines the main direction after receiving the fire reconnaissance data. The whole control system of forces and means on the fire is in charge of the head. He makes the alignment of units taking into account the main direction of firefighting, then ensures the uninterrupted supply of substances to eliminate fire.

Decisions of the head

The head decides how to use the gas-defensive service on the fire, determines its composition, the order of its links, other GVZS services that are not in the state. The supervisor is responsible for all communication on firefighting. He reports to the dispatcher on the decisions taken, changes in the operational situation, as well as other necessary information. In addition, all this he must report to the senior in the garrison. But his most important decisions concern the implementation of labor protection rules in units involved in firefighting and rescue work, all involved in this force, and the head is obliged to bring all information about the threat to the health and life of the personnel to everyone.

The head must interact with all life support services, which are involved in firefighting and rescue operations. He also takes measures to preserve the situation at the site to determine the causes of the fire - these are material evidence (property), traces. Also, the leader organizes the protection of the site of firefighting and rescue operations until their completion. Then an act is drawn up by the head. The control of forces and assets in the fire is transferred to the operational headquarters. If the latter is not created, the RTP fulfills its duties. It must provide reserves of resources and forces in extinguishing a protracted fire in order to ensure successful operation in the event of another fire.

Rights of the manager

Head of fire extinguishing has the right to instructions mandatory for execution: to any GAP officials, heads of authorities and enterprises, as well as to all citizens who are on fire fighting and rescue works. In addition, he has the right to appoint and discharge from duty any operational officers. The supervisor has the right to obtain information necessary for the organization of firefighting and rescue work, which the administration of facilities or organizations and life support services have.

The head has the right to establish an operational headquarters, having divided the fire extinguishing area into sectors or sectors (STF or UTS), and to attract additional funds and forces for firefighting and rescue operations, and, of course, to change their arrangement. Judging by the accumulated experience, practice has shown that even the most tactically educated and trained leader alone can not manage fire fighting in complex and large facilities. If the RTP tries to solve all small and big issues on its own, it loses time and sprays the forces, because the result is not always positive.

Establishment of an operational headquarters

Now the amount of work has greatly increased, and therefore the basis for the management of forces and assets in a fire is entirely and completely in use in the firefighting of all subordinate bodies. Only if the efforts are joint, it is possible to assess the situation comprehensively in a short space of time and find the most effective ways to use the available means and forces to ensure a quick extinguishment of the fire. The basis of management is the operational headquarters, that is, a temporary non-staff body. It is created necessarily if the rank (number) of the fire is increased, if three or more quenching areas are organized on the spot, if it becomes necessary to coordinate in detail with the administration of the object (organization) all actions for fire fighting and rescue operations.

The head of the headquarters is the deputy RTP, which manages forces and assets. And fire extinguishing will proceed more harmoniously if the chief - the deputy RTP, as well as the assistant to the chief of staff, the chiefs of the rear, the GDZS (gas and smoke protection service), who will be responsible for labor protection, persons from the administration of the facility (organization) where in the operational headquarters will work, There is a fire, as well as other people at the choice of the RTP.

The tasks of the operational headquarters

The tasks of the headquarters include the implementation of decisions of the RTP. In addition, the headquarters collects, processes and analyzes data on the situation, transfers information to the RTP and the dispatcher, determines the need for funds and forces of the units, prepares proposals for the RTP, ensures control of the tasks, prepares firefighting and salvage operations, draws up plans with accurate The balance of forces and resources at all stages of firefighting.

It is also the headquarters that manages the creation of the reserve, ensuring the activities of the gas and smoke protection service and communication, maintaining the readiness of units that participate in firefighting and rescue operations, and interaction with the life support services of organizations and populated areas. The operational headquarters is located in the place that the RTP will determine, after which people at the headquarters are provided with all necessary equipment. There must be identification marks for the rapid location of the headquarters. In the afternoon it is a red flag and the inscription "HQ", and at night its position is indicated by a red lamp. This is necessary for constant interaction with all units, so that it would be convenient to manage forces and assets in a fire.

Structure of the operational headquarters

The chief of the operational headquarters (NS) is directly subordinate to the RTP, and all other officials are subordinate to him. He appoints a deputy and assistants, assigns responsibilities between them to more effectively solve the tasks of firefighting. Also, NS in time brings to the RTP reconnaissance data, reports of rescue and fire fighting participants, as well as the dispatcher, all proposals for organization, requirements for fire fighting substances and information on the creation of reserves of forces and assets.

The Chief of Staff has a lot of responsibilities: the organization of communication between the RTP and the participants in the firefighting, the registration and control of the execution of the RTP instructions, the filling of the headquarters's regulatory documents, the arrangement of the units' resources and forces, and the interaction with forensic institutions. If the Chief of Staff successfully copes with his duties, the work is carried out clearly and in an organized manner, at a high rate, the task is accomplished in the shortest possible time.

Head of Logistics

The chief of the rear is engaged in forces and assets not withdrawn to the position, with reserves of extinguishing media, equipment and a fireman. In his charge, the organization of the work of the rear: reconnaissance of water sources, selection of pumps and sleeves, meeting and placement on water sources of fire equipment. The chief of the rear should concentrate the reserves of resources and forces necessary for firefighting and rescue operations in all periods before they end.

He organizes the delivery of all necessary, including protective clothing and protective equipment, fuels and lubricants for fire and rescue equipment. If the equipment fails, the chief of the rear takes measures to restore its operability, including equipment and a fire tool. In addition, the chief of the rear conducts the relevant documentation.

USP and STP

Areas of fire extinguishing are dealt with by divisions determined by the decisions of the RTP and NS. Such areas are created either at the site of firefighting and rescue operations, or by the types of actions. If a fire spreads to three or more sites, the RTP most often decides to organize quenching by sectors that unite several sections. Each site (TSS) and sector (STP) should have its own fire extinguishing director. All of them report directly to the head of fire fighting and the chief of staff.

The operational headquarters takes into account the evolving situation and maintains a constant connection with each USP and STP, accepting and evaluating information from the field and giving instructions. They can relate to all the forces and resources involved in firefighting: these are the ways of access to the facility, the location of the cars, the laying of the main sleeves and the like. The headquarters always keeps records of arriving forces and means, they are fixed by the time of arrival, the type of car, the amount of calculation, the site on the fire, where this department needs to carry out the assigned tasks.