Pediatrics - what is it? Profession - pediatrician for children

The choice of profession is a very serious step. It depends on how life will develop. There are quite a few professions. One of them is a pediatrician. This profession is interesting and in demand on the labor market, but before it is received, it is worth considering whether it corresponds to the capabilities and interests, whether there are specific personal qualities that are necessary in the future work.

Pediatrics as a section of medicine

In 1847, the national leadership of the Pediatrica was published. Its author was the physician SF Khotovitsky. This specialist in his leadership defined the place of pediatrics among medical specialties. He indicated her tasks and goals. Thus, SF Khotovitsky became the founder of Russian pediatrics. So, what is meant by this term? What is the essence of this section of medicine? Pediatrics is the science of the diseases of the child's body, their treatment and prevention. Its main task is to maintain the health of the child or return in case of a disease of a normal state.

Pediatrics are conditionally divided into several branches (directions):

• Prophylactic pediatrics. These terms mean a system of measures aimed at preventing the occurrence of various diseases.
• Clinical pediatrics. This area includes diagnosing ailments, treatment and stage rehabilitation of sick children.
• Scientific pediatrics. This direction, the essence of which lies in the formulation of paradigms. They are guided by doctors in their practical work.
• Social pediatrics. The tasks of this branch of science are the study of children's health, the development of a system of social prevention and medical care for the children.
• Ecological pediatrics. This area of science studies the impact of various natural factors on the health of children.

History of Russian Pediatrics

Pediatrics in Russia was separated into a separate medical discipline in the XIX century. At that time, the first translational books and publications of domestic authors (for example, "Guide to the cognition and healing of infantile diseases" by N. Rozen von Rosenstein, "The Word of the necessary means to reinforce the weak infant age for reproduction in the fatherland of our people" Danilevsky).

Regarding the treatment of children, it is worth noting that before the XIX century, all necessary measures were carried out at home. Obstetricians and therapists gave general advice. The first children's beds, as evidenced by the history of pediatrics, were established in the therapeutic clinic of Ivan Petrovich Frank, opened in 1806. A few years later these places were liquidated. The first children's hospital was opened only in 1834 in St. Petersburg.

At present, Russia has a huge number of institutions that provide medical care for small patients and their mothers:

• Children's (city, provincial, regional, republican, district) and specialized (tuberculosis, infectious, psychiatric) hospitals;
• Polyclinics (city, dental) and various centers (diagnostic, rehabilitation);
• Institutions for the protection of childhood and maternity (child's home, perinatal center, dairy kitchen, women's consultation).

Attention deserves the Scientific Research Clinical Institute of Pediatrics named after Academician Yury Evgenievich Veltyschev. This is the oldest research pediatric institution in Russia. There are various operations for children. All treatment for babies in the presence of referrals is free of charge. It is financed from the federal budget. It is also worth noting that the Institute of Pediatrics provides not only medical assistance, but also consultative.

Tasks and main themes of pediatrics

One of the tasks of this section of medicine is the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Doctors diagnose infirmities in children on the basis of symptoms, results of tests and examinations. After diagnosis, specialists prescribe appropriate treatment. In this case, doctors always strive for minimal pharmacotherapy, because the overall effect of taking a large number of drugs in most cases is unpredictable.

The case of pediatrics has one more task - the rehabilitation of children. After the transferred diseases the young organism needs to be restored. In this regard, children after recovery may be needed:

• Sparing regimen of the day (exemption from sports, additional loads);
• Stimulating therapy (phytotherapy, application of vitamin preparations);
• Exemption from vaccinations;
• Stay in the sanatorium.

The tasks of pediatrics include the prevention of diseases. It can be primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary prevention means the prevention of the development of diseases due to vaccinations, aseptic measures. Secondary prevention is based on the detection of early signs of disease. Due to timely diagnosis, severe manifestations can be avoided. Tertiary prevention is a set of measures aimed at preventing the progression of a disease that can lead to disability.

Based on the above tasks, you can identify the main topics that pediatrics are studying in medicine:

• Physical development and health of children;
• Causes of diseases and injuries, their symptoms;
• Treatment and prevention of diseases;
• First aid for various injuries and accidents, etc.

Profession "pediatrician"

A doctor is a person involved in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of various diseases and injuries in humans. This profession is one of the oldest and most revered in society. It includes many specialties. One of them is a pediatrician.

The main duty of this specialist is to treat small patients. The pediatrician does not act as a template. He finds a special approach to each child, learns complaints through the conversation, uses the necessary diagnostic methods, analyzes the results obtained, and develops the maximum individual treatment regimen. The duties of a pediatrician are not limited to working with sick children. The specialist is still engaged in the maintenance of documentation.

Profession "pediatrician" in demand in the labor market. Beginners quickly find their own application. Salary depends on the place of work and the level of professionalism. It is low in novice professionals working in public medical institutions. Experienced doctors of commercial clinics receive decent wages.

Who can become a pediatrician?

Only those people who have a higher medical education can treat children. You can get it at a special university (academy, institute). The training is rather difficult, because modern medicine is a complex area of knowledge. Study in a medical college lasts for 6 years in full time. You can not get an education in absentia.

People who are interested in the profession "pediatrician" and who want to associate their future life with medicine should have not only a diploma of higher medical education, but also personal qualities such as:

• mercy;
• compassion;
• observation;
• a responsibility;
• Communicative.

Obtaining the profession of a pediatrician

In Russia there are quite a few medical schools. One of the best educational institutions is SPbSPU. The decipherment of this reduction is the St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University. This university has been functioning since 1925. People who want to become pediatricians in the future can enter the Faculty of Pediatrics. Reviews about him are good. Students express positive opinions about the quality of education, teachers. In SPbSPU there are other faculties:

• Postgraduate and additional professional education;
• Clinical psychology;
• Dental;
• "Healing".

The First Moscow State Medical University named after Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov deserves attention of the applicants who dream of getting a doctor's profession. It is the largest and oldest higher educational institution in the field of medicine, founded in 1755. Its structure includes 10 faculties. One of them is pediatric. There are 8 departments at this faculty:

• Pediatrics and Pediatric Rheumatology;
• Clinical immunology and allergology;
• Pediatric surgery;
• Hygiene of children and adolescents;
• Pediatrics and childhood infectious diseases ;
• Diabetology and endocrinology;
• Neonatology;
• Propaedeutics of childhood diseases.

Another example is the Altai State Medical University. The university was founded in 1954. In its structure, the following faculties are distinguished: medical, dental, pharmaceutical, medico-prophylactic, improvement of doctors, higher nursing education. A pediatrician is a profession, which can also be obtained here. Pediatric faculty exists since 1966. During the whole period of his work a huge number of highly qualified specialists was issued.

Admission to the pediatric faculty

To enroll in a medical college for a pediatric faculty, students pass the USE in chemistry, biology and the Russian language. The received points are taken into account by the educational institution. In the absence of USE results, applicants undergo entrance examinations within the walls of the university. Their form can be different: oral or written (in the form of tests, answers to questions, etc.). Information regarding examinations should be specified in advance in the admissions office of the chosen institution.

In order to successfully pass entrance examinations in chemistry, biology and the Russian language, it is enough to master the school curriculum well enough. If you want, you can sign up for preparatory courses. They are offered by every medical university, academy, institute. On the courses you can recall the previously studied material, ask questions of interest.

A pediatrician is a profession that you can get in a university either for a fee or for free. To enter a budget place, it is necessary to pass a competitive selection. There is such a thing as a "passing score". This is the minimum number of points, which is enough to pass to the budget. The Admissions Committee always names the last year's figures as incoming, because the real passing score becomes known only after passing the entrance tests and forming the rating of entrants.

Studying in a university at the pediatric faculty

Training of specialists begins with the study of fundamental scientific, medical, preventive and medical-biological subjects. Students get acquainted with the structure of the human body, the anatomical and physiological processes taking place in it. Then the training begins at specialized pediatric departments. Future pediatricians in the class study the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of childhood diseases, topical questions and answers of pediatrics.

Studying in a medical college includes obtaining not only theoretical but also practical knowledge. The first practice of students is called learning. It includes the care of sick children and adults. The following practices are called production practices. During their passage, students perform the duties of medical workers:

• Assistant to junior medical staff (on 1 course);
• Assistant to the ward nurses (on the 2nd course);
• Assistant of the procedural nurse (on the 3rd course);
• Assistant to the hospital doctor (on the 4th course);
• Assistant to the doctor of the children's polyclinic (on the 5th course).

The tasks of a pediatrician

People who undergo training in a medical college should know the importance of pediatrics, as well as what tasks they will face in the future. The pediatrician not only examines the child, diagnoses and prescribes treatment. The doctor also promotes the education of parents:

• Targets the mother to the extreme importance of breastfeeding;
• Assures the advantages of free swaddling;
• Explains to parents the importance of preventive vaccinations;
• Opposes the "winter swimming" of young children and so on.

The specialist should not intimidate parents with diagnoses. With chronic diseases, you should always maintain the optimism of moms and dads regarding the prognosis. With incurable pathological conditions, one can not promise a recovery. You do not need to tell the whole truth right away, because you do not know how people react to a terrible diagnosis. About the existing disease can only be said to one of the parents.

At contact with the sick child the doctor should show empathy, empathy. The child will feel the attention, care and trust the specialist. A physical contact is required. Fear in a child will decrease due to touching, stroking. If the baby complains of pain, then you need to ask him to show the place that hurts. Then you should make sure of the above and feel the painful and painless areas. During the examination, in no case should you shame the little patient, laugh at him.

Famous pediatricians

Many people know Evgeny Olegovich Komarovsky. This is a pediatrician, a doctor of the highest category. He wrote quite a few books and articles devoted to childhood illnesses, the health of kids. Komarovsky is also a TV presenter. In 2010, on one of the Ukrainian TV channels, a program entitled "The School of Doctor Komarovsky" was launched. In it, the doctor is available to tell viewers about various childhood ailments, as well as ways to treat them. Pediatrics is clearly understood. For children, you can even include this transfer.

A huge contribution to the development of pediatrics was made by Leonid Mikhailovich Roshal. This is a Soviet and Russian pediatrician, surgeon, doctor of medical sciences. The specialist wrote a huge number of monographs. Roshal is still known for his courage. He saved the children who suffered during earthquakes, wars and disasters.

Another well-known pediatrician is Alexander Aleksandrovich Baranov. He wrote about 500 scientific works (monographs, textbooks and manuals). At present, Alexander Baranov works at the Moscow State Medical University named after IM Sechenov. He is the head of the department of pediatrics and pediatric rheumatology of the pediatric faculty.

In conclusion, it should be noted that pediatrics is a very important division of medicine. If there is a desire to become a pediatrician, then you can go to a medical college. It's interesting to study for a doctor, but it's difficult. It should be remembered that a pediatrician must possess not only the necessary theoretical knowledge and practical skills, but also personal qualities. He should find pleasure in communicating with children and in their recovery.