Lem Stanislav: quotes, photo, biography, bibliography, reviews

The famous writer from Poland Lem Stanislav won the love of readers around the world with works in the genre of scientific and philosophical fiction. The writer became a laureate of many Polish and foreign prizes, including the state prizes of Austria, Poland, the Kafka Prize. And he also became a Knight of the Order of the White Eagle, holder of academic degrees, honorary doctor of several universities. A magnificent film "Solaris" was created based on the work of the same name, written by Stanislav Lem.

Biography

An extraordinary science fiction writer was born in the Polish city of Lviv in September 1921 in the family of a doctor respected by the Lvivs. He graduated from the male gymnasium in September 1939. And then Lviv became a Soviet city. Lem Stanislav wanted to study technical sciences, but he could not enter a polytechnic university. With the help of his father he was arranged in a medical school and began to study there without any enthusiasm.

Two years later, Lviv became a German city, and educational institutions ceased their work. He was not so simple, a future writer. Clearly Jewish origin made his life in the occupation of a full minute peril. He could get into the ghetto and die there, as happened with virtually the entire Lviv intelligentsia. Documents, however, managed to straighten, for which Lem Stanislav settled himself as a mechanic in a German metal processing firm. In 1944 Lviv again became a Polish city, and the future writer continued his education at the medical institute.

To Poland

However, in 1946 Lviv again became a Soviet city, where the undersized remnants of bandera bands gouged out the Polish population under the root - whole villages, and in the cities it was very unsettled. Poles in response to their territory ruined Ukrainian villages.

Therefore, Joseph Stalin solved these issues by the method of repatriation. For several days almost all Poles from western Ukraine left for Poland, and almost all Ukrainians from Poland went to western Ukraine. Lem Stanislav also got into this great migration and continued his studies already at the University of Krakow - at the medical faculty, which he did not treat differently.

Start

Even the last exams did not pass, having received only a certificate, but not a diploma. Maybe because he was afraid of doing something he did not like, or maybe he "broke off" from the army, because with a diploma he would have to make a career as a military doctor. He settled down in 1948 after graduating from the university to a scientific laboratory as a junior assistant and was very happy about it.

He was no longer attracted to any work, except one, and it was already not engineering. Since 1946 he began to publish his fantastic works, that is, he became a writer. Stanislav Lem, photo of which now probably everyone saw, and many constantly keep it on his desk, it was at that moment that he found in himself what he was looking for.

"Man from Mars" and "Astronauts"

His first novel Czlowiek z Marsa was printed in Nowy Swiat Przygod - a weekly magazine. Readers are imbued with the idea, literally from the first works of Stanislaw Lem became a writer in Poland cult, although the big book did not appear so soon.

It was already 1951, when Astronauci ("Astronauts") just disappeared from the shelves almost instantly. Stanislav Lem wrote now, reviews of his works were already on the pages of the entire periodicals of the world, practically uninterrupted.

No rest

A lot of Lem traveled around Germany, Czechoslovakia. Often went to the Soviet Union, although he never loved him in the slightest degree, nor with a single political system (and he saw practically everything). However, when it was very necessary, he said and wrote that he loves and respects ...

In 1982, when Poland again smelled of war, Stanislaw Lem, citations from whose works people had already used regardless of citizenship, place of residence, sex and age, moved to Austria, although any country would be happy at that time. He lived to eighty-four years, despite the troubles of the first half of his life. However, the heart was unhealthy, which is why he died in March 2006.

Style

Stanislav Lem, whose works speak mostly about the failed communication of mankind and extraterrestrial civilizations, wrote a lot about the technologies of the future. Late writings are marked by the idealization of public aspirations, close to the genre of utopia, where a person is bored because of technological overdevelopment.

The texts are full of humor, satire, philosophy. Witless of the fans of science fiction, which fascinated Stanislav Lem, quotes from "Iyon Tikhoy's Star Diaries", for example, are used throughout many decades. Not in vain, the writer was fond of not only fiction, but also futurology.

Glory

Lem's books have been translated into more than forty languages, and there are also extremely many of them sold - far beyond thirty million copies. Made more than twenty screen versions for his works, among which the main part was removed by Poland and the USSR, but along with them Czechoslovakia, Germany, England, the USA and even Azerbaijan were noted. The best of the paintings is, of course, "Solaris", shot Tarkovsky, although Stanislaw Lem, whose best works were both accepted and understood in the USSR, did not appreciate this masterpiece. Moreover, he called Tarkovsky "an idiot" for the wrongly transmitted basic idea.

However, for the same American film with Clooney, he just winced. And it is true that there are no basic thoughts there as such. American science fiction Lem did not like and criticized to the extent that he was expelled from the American Society of Science Fiction. Not recognizing Bradbury and Shackley, Clark and Asimov, he spoke well only about Strugatsky, especially praised "Picnic on the Roadside." It even seemed strange to him that it was not he who wrote it.

Dictionary

Stanislav Lem - a writer who inherent in word creation. The number of neologisms created and used by followers has exceeded nine thousand. Most of all, Poles and Russians were lucky in this respect. Translators worked on the works of Lem very talented, and the proximity of languages translation helped, so we can fully enjoy the humor of the writer.

Translations into non-Slavic languages were much less fortunate, and it is unlikely that Americans or the French will be able to get the same pleasure from reading Stanislaw Lem's works. Probably, without explanation it is clear that for the medicine - "altruizin", what kind of room - "besilnya", for which intelligent robots called a person "pale" and than "bubble" and "bloom" differ from the usual bomb. And the beautiful term - "false", immediately clear - synthetic. No less witty and "postiment" with "sepulks".

The writer very aptly and ingeniously puts his thoughts into words: "The machine, dumb, simple-minded, unable to strike with the mind, does what it orders." And the clever first thinks that it is more profitable: to solve the proposed task or try to get out of it? " "The limits of moral responsibility are much broader than the scope of judicial codes." "The essence of old age is that you gain experience that can not be used."

Themes

Together with such subtlety of linguistic images, the breadth of the universe's scope of creativity and realities is also striking: utopia, and anti-utopia, and light tales about space, and heavy social engineering, an alternative present and a much muddied future, a world around the corner, full of drug addicts, and Victorious humanity, conquered the universe ...

And everywhere scattered certain mettles, forcing the reader to think, and not necessarily as Stanislav Lem supposedly thought. His bibliography is so extensive that it makes it possible to dwell only on the most iconic works.

"137 seconds"

This is a classic story in the genre of science fiction, where the idea serves as the main character - it's a super-penetrating computer network. Futurology, which the author adhered to in many works, appears here in the aspects of foresight, predicting yet unsuccessful events. The plot is unpretentious, but compensated by philosophical problems, for example, how time is reflected in a person's mind. Time is a measurement of the most difficult to perceive.

"Absolute emptiness"

This cycle is written from the first person, where the author acts as a literary critic who reviews the unwritten works. A lot of philosophy, humor, insolent satire in relation to even their own ideas about the world in which the literary hero lives. This is a book about vain dreams and the flow of great thoughts into an absolute emptiness, since it is there that everything that has failed is located.

Altruizin

Even among the robots there are hermits, if this is a fantastic story. A certain Dobricius, a hermit robot, in the desert thought sixty-seven long years, and then decided to make happy the neighbors. Then his fellow Constructor Klapautius told an interesting story from the life of the NES, the very ones that reached the NDS (the highest stage of development). They, too, once longed to make the whole world happy - riches, satiety, abundance of good. And what came of this? Happiness everyone understands in own way ...

"Return from the stars"

This novel is unlikely to have the purity of the genre, which is usually inherent in the author. This is not fantasy by and large, rather the opposite: the problematic of it concerns sociology, ecology, the relationship of nature and man. In the wake of Herbert Wells (Time Machine), Stanislaw Lem raises the topic of adaptation of mankind in the environment, when the hero finds himself in an era thousands of years distant from the one where he was born. Here, too, there are irony, and serious relationship, and fantasy, and reality, and sarcasm, and phantasmagoria. There are no spaceships, but there is a multifaceted and unpredictable human psychology.

"Education of Tsifrushi"

Klapautsiyu was not up to Trurl, the rector of the university - a troublesome post, and Trurl in a melancholy constructed a typewriter, called Tsifrushey and began to educate her. Boredom gradually left, Trurl was engaged in business and stopped feeling lonely. However, it happened that in the process of education there was a gap, because three meteorites fell in a row in the garden of Trurle, where he took lessons with Cyflus, which turned out to be the tail of an icy comet that flew past. In these meteorites were unexpected guests: a robot drummer, a drum and android, in which a glass with poison is clamped in his hand. Truer with Tsifrusha immediately thawed and revived their guests, and then they listened to interesting stories ...