Klyazma (river). The river Klyazma, Vladimir region

Klyazma is a river located in Russia, in the European part of the country. It flows through the territory of Nizhny Novgorod, Ivanovo, Vladimir and Moscow regions. It is the left tributary of the Oka. The article will discuss this glorious river.

Main characteristics

Klyazma is a river, the length of which is 686 kilometers, and the area of the basin is 42.5 kilometers. The average annual water consumption is 139-147 m ³ / s (185 km from the mouth, in the vicinity of the city of Kovrov). The food of the river is mostly snow. Freezing Klyazma in November, in the first half of April is revealed. On the river there are many cities: Shchelkovo, Dolgoprudny, Korolev, Noginsk, Losino-Petrovsky, Pavlovsky Posad, Gorokhovets, Vyazniki, Kovrov, Vladimir, Sobinka, Orekhovo-Zuevo. The coast of Klyazma inhabits about 1.7 million people. More than 3.3 million people live in the zone of the river basin.

Geographical description

Within the Moscow Upland the river Klyazma originates. The map shows that its source is near the city of Solnechnogorsk. Then the river flows in a southeast direction, through the territory of Moscow (the city district of Khimki). Her path continues along the border of Molzhaninovsky district of the capital, near the village of Cherkizova turns to the east. The banks of the river in the upper reaches are high, the valley is rather narrow. The Klyazma reservoir has a width of 12 meters. The river flows through the Pirogovskoe and Klyazma reservoirs, where it mixes with the Volga. Downstream, the flow is regulated, the width near the Klyazma railway platform is 20 meters. The water flow passes along the Mescher lowland, in this place the right bank is much lower than the left bank. Klyazma - a river full of water and wide. In Noginsk, its banks are at a distance of 50 meters from each other, in Vladimir - 130 meters. In some places the width is 200 meters. The depth is small, the maximum value is 8 meters, usually 1-2 meters. The bottom of the Klyazma is clayey, mostly sandy. In some places the river is cut by limestone strata.

Tributaries

Klyazma is a river with many tributaries. Many of them have ancient, Finno-Ugric names and are full-flowing rivers. The tributaries are the Suvoroshch (14 km), Luh (68 km), Istok (79 km), Tara (110.7 km), Msterka (111 km), Teza (135 km), Shizhegda (151 km), Nerekhta (190 km) ), Sudogda (244 km), Nerl (269 km), Repen (285 km), Koloksha (326 km), Shalovka (329 km), Vorsha (336 km), Polya (378 km), Peksha (396 km), Bereza (416 km), Shchitka (445 km), Kirzhach (459 km), Dubna (466 km), Vyrka (476 km), Drezna (481 km), Vahonka (502 km), Plotnia (514 km), Sherna 516 km), Zagrebka (524 km), Chernogolovka (526 km), Lavrovka (526 km), Shalovka (540 km), Vorya (551 km), Ucha (577 km), Alba (640 km), Radom (665 km) ), Chernavka (671).

Ancient settlements

The river Klyazma, whose photographs are published in this article, has been a place of settlement of different peoples since ancient times. Archaeological excavations show that people of the Paleolithic epoch (Sungir), the Neolithic (parking in the Eoginsk district near the village of Bunkova), the Mesolithic (Pavlovsky Posad area, the vicinity of the village of Sauvo) lived on its shores. Later on the Klyazma lived tribes Merya, Murom, Meshchera. In the language of these ancient tribes, many tributaries of the river are named. Found on the shores and the first in these parts of the burial Slavic burial grounds.

Using

Klyazma is a river, with which the development of the whole north-eastern part of Russia is connected, starting from the 12th century, from the period of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. At that time the river was navigable throughout its entire length. Even before the Slav settlement, the trade route Klyazma - Skhodnya - Moscow provided economic development of the region. With the advent of various crafts in the 17th century, many ceramic, textile and paper industries, first handicrafts, and then factory and factory, appeared on the river.

In the 20th century, in 1937, the construction of the Canal was completed. Moscow, in the upper reaches of the river blocked the Pirogov dam, and the Klyazma reservoir was formed. The flow of water through the dams became regulated and began to feed on the Volga and the rivers of the northern part of the Moscow region. In 1941, two hydroelectric power stations began to be built on the Klyazma, however, with the beginning of the war, their construction was stopped. In the last century, in the 70s, the project of erection on the outskirts of the capital of the Eastern Shipping Canal was submitted for consideration.

At the moment, the river in its lower and middle reaches provides water resources to various industries and residents of numerous settlements. Klyazma is navigable at a distance of 267 kilometers, from its mouth to the city of Vladimir, it is used for transportation of barges by cargo. In the middle course, navigation is limited by a stony bottom and a shallow depth of the section between Mstera and Kovrov. On the river there is a cargo port (Vyazniki) and there is an old shipyard in Gorokhovets.

Hydraulic engineering structures

On the river Klyazma there are many hydraulic structures. Several dams have been built: in the Solnechnogorsk district (Lunevo village), in the village of Pirogovsky, in the town of Korolev, in the village of Tarasovka, in the towns of Obukhov and Sverdlovsk, in the vicinity of the town of Shchelkovo (Amerovo village). A concrete talk deserves a concrete dam in Noginsk. Its height is 2.5 meters. It is equipped with a shore spillway and six adjustable spillways.

Several water supply and sewerage systems operate on Klyazma: Orekhovo-Zuevskaya, Pavlovo-Posadskaya, Noginskaya, Obukhovskaya, and Shchelkovo. In addition, the Moscow region is constantly hydrological observation offices of the Moscow Center for Environmental Monitoring and Hydrometeorology. There are three hydrochemical points: in Pavlovsky Posad, Shchelkovo and Orekhovo-Zuevo.

Fishing

A great place for lovers of fishing is the river Klyazma. Fishing in these places is wonderful. Almost all representatives of the river fauna of the central part of the country are found in the waters. The most elusive time is spring. It is then that the schools of fish begin to sail from the reservoir into the river. In the spring, the ide is caught in the wiring, the pike and perch are caught on the spinning, and the scavenger and the roach on the float tackle and the zakidushki. In the summer there is an opportunity to catch asp, carp, gusher, carp, carp, tench. Between the bottom driftwood is caught burbot. The rarest and most valuable prey on the Klyazma is the sterlet.

"Horseshoes"

The map of the Vladimir region shows that the Klyazma flows through its territory mainly along the fields, only sometimes on its way there are dense forests. The soil on the shores in this area consists of sand and clay. There are a lot of steep cliffs and sandbars on the river, Klyazma likes to loop and to wash various interesting places. "Horseshoe" is a curious phenomenon that happens when the river suddenly turns 180 degrees and begins to flow as if in the opposite direction. Distances between the channels of the same river can reach a kilometer. Then the two streams gradually join together and form a picturesque island. This is a very beautiful picture. In addition, such places are very rich in different fish. At first, the asp settles in them, then the place is occupied by pike perches and pikes. Then, among the washed sand scythes with picturesque snags starts to come across the catfish and burbot. Almost all the fish appear in the water with a clean, not overgrown vegetation: perch, roach, chub, garters, scribbler, etc. Over time, the "horseshoe" overgrew with grass, is swamping heavily, but this should take several decades. In the early years of its existence, such a place is a real paradise for a lover of fishing.

Rest active and passive

The river Klyazma (Vladimir region) is a great place for a pleasant pastime in nature. Due to the strong current, it is possible to raft here on kayaks. Time for such an active holiday comes in May and ends in September. You can come to Klyazma and just to admire its beautiful shores, overgrown with sedge and willow, reed, cattail, chasuha, forest geranium, tripartite string and other greens. Waters of the river are decorated with hornwort, Canadian elodea, egg-caps, water-lilies, duckweed and various kinds of pond.

Beach holidays

In the warm season you can go to rest on the beach. There are plenty of places on the Klyazma River. Municipal beaches are regularly cleaned, doctors are on duty and the rescue service is functioning. On the coasts belonging to a holiday home, for example, the boarding house Klyazma on the same reservoir, hire catamarans, boats, jet skis and boats. There are sun loungers and umbrellas, cafes and bars. River trips are offered on tourist ships, decorated in the style of ancient frigates and other unusual ships. Special attention is paid to the ecological state of the cool waters of the Klyazma. Therefore, swimming in the river is not only pleasant, but also safe.