Introverted person. Features of character. Psychology of children

In special literature, a closed person is called a schizoid, less often an introvert. How is it different from open people, what are the characteristics of its nature? Read all about this below.

Main features

We note at once that it is impossible to connect the words "schizoid" and "schizophrenia". The latter term is the name of a very specific disease. As for schizoids, they are normal people, just having their own characteristics. The use of the definition of "closed" is fully justified for the reason that the basic qualities of this type of people - a fence from the outside world, closed. In this aspect, they are the complete opposite of hypertimes, whose soul is always unbuttoned.

Features of appearance

The closed person in most cases is characterized by thinness, rather than fullness, density. His face is elongated, the head is often ovoid in shape, the nose is straight, the profile is "angular" (observed due to some shortening of the chin). The relationship between an elongated face, lean figure and closedness is quite high. However, this combination does not always indicate closeness. Full people also belong to the category of schizoids, but much less often.

Movement

As for the motor features of closed individuals, they are not very agile when making large movements. For this they simply do not have the plasticity. But there is the ability to fine and the most accurate manual operations, representing importance, for example, in the professions of a surgeon and watchmaker, jeweler and dentist.

A closed person, as a rule, has a distinct, small, slightly abrupt handwriting.

Basic values, interests

The inner world is the main wealth of introverts. Characteristics of the nature of schizoids are such that they are constantly immersed in themselves. Opposite are hypertimes, open to everything that happens around them. Closed people value their inner world very much, and to the outside they often do not care, because it seems more rude and primitive than their own fantasies, dreams, thoughts.

Outstanding German psychologist and physician Kretschmer compared introverts with Roman villas, the facades of which are very simple, the windows are closed, and rich feasts are held inside. Thanks to this colorful metaphor, he stressed that the difference between the soft appearance of representatives of this character and their inner world is extremely large. In contrast to hypertension, an unsociable person is characterized by restraint and secrecy. It can not be said on which "feasts" occur in his soul.

Communication

The closed man in the group is mostly detached and prefers to remain silent. His contacts, as a rule, are limited to a small circle of friends and relatives. Such people are reluctant to talk about themselves, and it is often possible to hear that information from them has to literally "pull out with ticks."

It's no wonder that schizoids have difficulty communicating. The concealment is explained by the unwillingness to share one's own experiences. Introverts need no contact with the outside world, because they are quite comfortable alone with themselves. As one poet put it, they tend to "wrap themselves in the silk of their souls." On the other hand, communication really presents a special difficulty for them, because the schizoids feel uncomfortable and inept while communicating.

Kretschmer gave another vivid metaphor, where he compared a closed individual with an infusoria, cautiously approaching an unfamiliar object and observing him because of half-ciliated cilia, hesitantly pushing out the tentacles, and then immediately withdrawing them.

Despite the natural desire for seclusion, a shy person sometimes suffers from a lack of communication. This is especially common in childhood and adolescence.

Emotional background

The experiences of closed people are peculiar and sometimes seem paradoxical to others. On the one hand, introverts differ in restraint and coldness, on the other - they are vulnerable and emotional. The schizoids show a sharp reaction to everything that affects their own values. Often this is a sincere response to injustice, rudeness, disorder.

So-called emotional intelligence is being actively discussed . One of its signs is an understanding of the feelings and moods of others. It is this feature that many introverts can not boast of. Closed people, of course, suspect that some feelings are raging in you, but they must be informed about this. They rely on the above, while not paying attention to intonation and facial expression.

Features of a way of life, installation, employment

The inner world of introverts is different in order, and they expect the same from the outer world. Their way of thinking and inner organization are reflected in all actions. For example, they easily accept the rules and follow them. They achieve success in that professional field, where they are instructed to act in a certain way. Any deviation from the norms causes irritation in introverts.

At the same time at work there are often serious contradictions. The desire of the schizoid to always follow the prescriptions can result in accusations of formalism. At the same time, the above qualities of introverts are simply irreplaceable, for example, in military affairs or in the management of finances.

The psychology of the behavior of a person, self-contained, turns the dispute with him into an intolerable process. And all because the introvert is in captivity with plans, schemes, forms, words. This is reflected in the fact that mental constructions and theories are more convincing and valuable for him than concrete life facts. For this reason, schizoids are often in opposition, preferring not to mix with fashion, the opinion of others, mass movements. Keep distance for them is easy. Introverts are often surrounded by an atmosphere of mystery, they are known as originals with notes of aristocracy.

Weak spots

Considering the features of communication with the schizoid, we note that he suffers from an unceremonious intrusion into his personal space. Such a person never opens up to the end even to the closest people. Introvert often surprises at first glance sudden decisions or unexpected actions. In fact, this behavior is the result of the most difficult experiences and long reflections.

Psychology of children of the schizoid type

These inhospitable and gloomy representatives of the younger generation are very weak or do not react at all to adult criticism. They prefer to avoid big companies and noisy games. Due to lack of interest, problems with achievement can be observed. In this case, the closed child behaves in such a way, as if constantly waiting for some kind of dirty trick from others. As a rule, children of the schizoid type are characterized by strong attachment to the mother and are hard pressed to part with it, even for a short time. This is due to the manifestation of fear of being forgotten, abandoned.

Some mistakenly draw an analogy between closed and shy children. At the same time, the former do not want to communicate with others, and the latter, on the contrary, need communication, but they do not know how to come into contact.

How it all starts

The psychology of children of the schizoid type is formed under the influence of many factors. Let's consider them in more detail:

- Subtlety of mental organization and other psychological characteristics of the child. Closure is particularly characteristic of melancholic and phlegmatic. When communicating with your child, parents should take into account that you can achieve a positive result with a sensitive and attentive attitude. Do not rudely intrude into his inner world in the hope of re-education. Otherwise, the child will finally withdraw into himself, close.

- Closure can be caused by conflicts with friends, malaise, misunderstanding of peers. In this case, it is important for adults to find out the true cause of closure and gently help the child to get out of the situation.

- Introverts often grow up in families where one child is brought up. In the absence of experience with the sister or brother, forced to play on their own, they get the wrong communication settings, therefore, the ability to communicate develop badly. In this case, parents are encouraged to facilitate contact of the child with friends.

- Lack of attention. When adults try to get rid of a child, he begins to turn less and less often to them with his "trifling" problems and questions. As a result, over time, children and parents simply do not have anything to talk about, they do not have common ground. It is important to take into account that the psychology of the behavior of a person, self-contained, is not formed in a single day. Therefore, it is only natural that parents, for example, give time to work after their work. Concerns about the situation should be shown when it is repeated systematically. It is important to take an interest in the problems of the child, listen to it.

- Containing desires, emotions. Even an adult person is required to "let off steam" and share their own experiences. And the child's desire is even stronger, because every day for him is filled with discoveries. If children understand that parents do not want to listen to them, then the process of restraining emotions begins to gain momentum. Such a restriction affects not only the overall development of the child, but also its physical health.

- Dissatisfaction with the behavior of the child. The problem of communication in psychology is considered in the aspect of constant censure. At the same time, emotional contact is lost between parents and the child. Adults tend to ensure that the child was properly dressed and shod, and on his inner world, attention is paid much less. The causes of the problem can be very different, and at first glance not very serious. For example, a child of the wrong sex, which would be desirable, or the child interferes with promotion on a career ladder. As a result, inattentive attitude leads to aggression, shyness, isolation, resentment.

Conclusion

Themes on the psychology of communication are becoming more and more discussed. The reason is that modern people began to realize: errors in behavior cause the emergence of insurmountable obstacles in establishing contact with children, friends, beloved, parents. Understanding the mechanisms of communication makes it possible to simplify communication, and consequently, life itself.