Installation of a gable roof system: construction, materials and tools

To protect the interior of the house can use a variety of types of roofs. Very nice look, for example, four-sloping, hip, multi-clasp. However, more often than not, owners of private houses erect ordinary double-skinned roofs. This form of roof is popular primarily because of the ease of assembly, and also because of reliability. In addition, under the roof of this variety there is enough space for a large loft or attic.

Design Features

The installation of the gable roof system, like any other, is carried out on the Mauerlate. Also in the construction of such a roof can include:

• Rafters;

• Racks, runs, and lezhni;

• Horse;

• Crate.

To protect the rafter system from moisture, hydro and vapor barriers are used. Install them usually on top of the heater. This material is necessary to protect the attic or attic from the cold. Of course, at the final stage the frame of the house is covered with roofing material.

Mauerlat for gable roof: installation features

This element of the roof structure is usually assembled from a very thick bar (section 150-200 mm). After all, it is he who serves as the main support of the roof. Mauerlat is laid on the top of the walls of the house. If the latter are assembled from gas or foam concrete blocks, a reinforced concrete belt is pre-arranged. To fasten the Mauerlat, anchor bolts are poured into it . Under the two-tiled roof, the Mauerlat usually fits only two walls - parallel long ones. On the paved, log and panel houses this element is not used. In this case, the top crown or strapping is used as the Mauerlat.

Roof rafters

This is one of the most important elements of the roof. Collect the truss system in most cases using material such as a bar 100 * 100 mm or 150 * 150 mm. Also, a board 100 * 150 mm can be used for it. Before erecting the truss system, the material is cut in such a way that at the top of the legs are adjacent to each other or to the ridge as tightly as possible (cut at a certain angle). Also sometimes choose the landing nests in the lower part of the legs. This allows you to build a more reliable roof.

To the mauerlat, the upper crown or the harness, the wooden rafters can be attached in various ways. Sometimes they fix a "knot" on three nails and a thick wire. But more often still legs fasten on the zinced steel corners from two parties. This greatly facilitates the assembly. At the top of the rafters are attached to each other by means of metal bridges or to the ridge on the corners.

On the wooden chopped buildings the beam (100 * 100 mm, 150 * 150 mm or 100 * 150 mm) is fastened by means of special additional elements - "sled". This ensures the mobility of the rafters. It is justified that the use of such fasteners is primarily due to the fact that when the walls of the houses dry up they can sit down. Therefore, it is impossible to firmly fix the rafter system (on nails or corners) in this case. Otherwise, it can simply lead.

Rafters of gable roof: varieties

Sometimes the inclined roof frame can be attached only to the bottom - to the Mauerlat and above - to each other or to the ridge run. Such rafters are called hanging. But often used and another type of frame. In this case, an additional support (along the entire length) is placed under the legs in the middle of the ramp. As a result, the roof turns out to be "broken". Such gable roofs are called mansard roofs, and their rafters are called mantled roofs. This is the most practical kind of roof of a country house. The distance between the rafters - both stratified and hanging - is determined based on the thickness of the selected timber, the length of the ramps, etc. Usually the pitch is 60-80 cm.

Sub-sill frame system

In houses of a large area, apart from the Mauerlat, the inclined roof bar can be supported by runs, racks and lezhni. The first are installed horizontally, the second - vertically. Lying called a beam, laid on the beams of the ceiling. To it and fastened with a certain step along the entire length of the roof rack. Next on them is established a ridge run. For this element, a bar 100 x 150 mm is usually used.

Ridge Run

The installation of a gable roof system using this element is quite often done. And this despite the fact that the roof in this case is more expensive. The fact is that the roof frame with the girdle is more reliable and better resists all kinds of loads.

This element should be installed in compliance with all the required technologies. On how accurately it will be mounted, the accuracy of the geometry of the roof depends. When assembling a roof with a ridge sweep, first install the outer posts (along the gables). Then between them pull the inelastic cord and reconcile it to the level. Then, focusing on it, install all intermediate racks. In this case, the ridge run fixed to them in the future will be located absolutely horizontally.

Rims

This is also a very important element of the construction of any roof. The board for the crate is usually very thick. Depending on the roofing material used, an option of 2.5 to 5 cm can be used. Too narrow or wide rails for the crate are not taken. In the first case, the boards may become chopped, in the second case they can crack. The optimum width of the material under the crate is 20 cm.

The pitch between the boards, like their thickness, depends on the type of skin selected. Such a sparse crate is arranged only under rigid sheets. Under the roofing material and a very thin metal mount a solid. For such a crate, it is usually not a board, but thick plywood or OSB sheets that are used.

Thermal insulation layer and waterproofing

The design of the gable roof is such that to protect its interior from the cold, you can use absolutely any modern material. Most often, for warmth of the attic or attic, mineral wool is used. Sometimes use and polystyrene foam. In very rare cases, the roofs are insulated by spraying polyurethane foam.

As a support for minivat and polystyrene from the loft side, wire is tightened. The sheets or plates themselves are installed directly between the rafters. Mineral cotton wool is mounted just a little. Slots between foam polystyrene sheets and a bar are closed with special mounting foam and glued with scotch tape. Steam and water insulators are fastened with a slight sag (2 cm) in a horizontal position at the final stage of the assembly of the rafter system.

Roofing material

For roofing, metal roofing, slate, ondulin, profiled sheet can be used. Sometimes roofs are made of roofing material. The roofs of expensive large cottages are often covered with clay tiles. In general, the types of roofing materials there is simply a huge amount. Metal sheets are fixed on slopes by means of self-tapping screws. The ruberoid is glued on a continuous crate with bitumen mastic. She also misses the seams. Clay tiles are attached to the roof by self-tapping screws through the holes in it.

Rules for the selection of sawn timber

The installation of the gable roof system must be carried out using only the highest quality sawn timber. When buying them, you should follow certain recommendations. The lumber, intended for the assembly of the roof frame, must necessarily be dry. The permissible percentage of its humidity is 18%. Usually in woodworking workshops they sell material that does not correspond to this requirement. Therefore, before assembling the roof, it is desirable to dry the tree under a canopy for at least half a year.

Raise the roof immediately after buying the timber and the board can only be if they are made from the "winter" wood. The fact is that in the cold season in the trunks of trees stops sap flow. As a result, timber made from such logs initially contains not too much water.

When choosing boards and timber, in addition to their humidity, it is, of course, worth paying attention to their quality. The fewer knots in the lumber - the better. As for the species of wood, the pine is most often used for the assembly of roofs.

Another parameter that should be considered when buying beams and boards is their geometry. Materials must be perfectly straight. Use for the assembly of the roof "twisted" boards or timber is not allowed. Also, the material should not have too many cracks.

Roof system protection

The construction of a gable roof is a procedure that involves the use, among other things, of a variety of materials designed to prevent the timber from wetting and getting water into the under-roof space. As a waterproofing is most often used technical polyethylene film. Sometimes a special membrane is also used. It is worth such material is much more expensive than polyethylene, but it also lasts much longer. Films of this variety can retain moisture coming from the outside, and simultaneously pass through the vapors coming from inside the house. This contributes to the fact that the heat insulator and lumber, which are inside the roofing "pie", always remain dry. Which, of course, significantly extends the life and the roof itself.

Under the casing material inside the attic or attic is mounted a special film, which is called - vapor barrier. Sometimes special foil sheets can also be used instead. They cost more than the film, but, among other things, contribute to the preservation of heat in the attic or attic, creating a "thermos effect."

After the installation of the gable roof gutter system is completed, proceed to its plating. Choose the roofing material as closely as possible. Because of its quality, the reliability of the roof depends directly. Therefore, when buying in the first place, you should pay attention to the reputation of both the manufacturer and the supplier.

Calculation of the roof: the angle of inclination

Of course, in order for the roof to turn out to be absolutely symmetrical and maximally durable, a detailed project must be made before assembling it. To this document it is necessary to attach the roof drawings in the frontal and profile projection, as well as the plan (top view).

The gable roof shape is also good in that it is not difficult to make its calculation. To do this, you need to determine the angle of the rafter, the cross section of the material and its number. The first parameter is determined based on what roofing material is to be used for the plating. So, for example, for metal tiles, the minimum value is 12 grams. The ruberoid can be used on roofs with a slope angle of skates up to 15 g. In this case, four layers are applied. When covering the roof at 40 degrees, cover 3 layers, and over 45 gr. - two. Ceramic tiles can be used on roofs with a slope angle of skates from 22 to 45 gr.

If the roof is too shallow, it can bend or even collapse under the weight of the snow cover. Very steep slopes are subjected to a strong wind load. Therefore, when choosing the angle of inclination, it is necessary to take into account the climatic features of a particular locality. That is, the maximum wind and snow loads in your region.

What kind of tilt angle to choose, erecting a house with a gable roof in this or that region of the country, you can find out by using information from special tables. But in most regions of Russia the optimal indicator is 35-45 gr. Mansard gable roofs are arranged in such a way that the angle of inclination of the upper rafters in relation to the horizon does not exceed 30 g.

Calculation of materials

Thus, it is not difficult to determine the optimal slope angle. Once this parameter is selected, you can proceed with the calculation of the roof frame. The first step is to calculate the required length of the rafters. Knowing the angle and length of the short wall of the house, it will not be difficult to perform this operation, using the appropriate trigonometric function. To the resulting figure should be added 20-40 cm to the overhang of the cornice.

Knowing the length and distance between the rafters (and their number), it is not difficult to determine how many bars to purchase. To calculate the boards of the crate, you need to know the step between them. It should be borne in mind that on the ledge and at the ridge two rows of material are stuffed with a solid. To calculate the number of sheets of thermal insulator, film and sheeting sheets, you just need to determine the total area of the skates. To the received figure it is necessary to add 10% on losses.

What time will the roof cost

In addition to the drawings, a cost estimate must be attached to the project. Calculating their required number, you can calculate the total cost of the roof. For 2016, the approximate cost of materials for the roof is:

• Pine beam 150x100 mm (for rafters) - 612-700 rubles / pcs. (6 m);

• Board pine 25x200x6000 mm (for the crate) - about 500-550 rubles / piece;

• Beam 200x200 mm (Mauerlat for gable roof) - about 1200-1500 rubles / pc. (6 m);

• Film technical polyethylene (80 microns) - 990-1 000 rub. For a roll (3х10 m);

• Vapor barrier - 400-500 rub. Per roll;

• Mineral wool "Ursa" - 1,500 rubles. (Packing 2х9000 х 1200х50).

Of roofing materials, the cheapest option is ruberoid. Roll costs about 350-400 rubles. But most often the owners of country houses cover the roof with metal roofing. The cost of this material is about 300 rubles. Per sheet.

What tools are needed

To mount the rafter system you will need a hacksaw (or electric saw), a screwdriver and a hammer. To cover the roof with metal sheets, among other things, you will need to prepare sharp metal scissors. To cut a material with a polymeric covering by the Bulgarian it is impossible, otherwise the top, protective layer of sheets can be damaged. As a result, the roofing will begin to rust very quickly.

If the roof is decided to be covered with a roofing material, it is necessary to prepare a barrel for melting bitumen and a stick with a thick rag wound around it. Also need a few buckets.

Of course, for the installation of the roof you will need a reliable ladder, and perhaps, a bridge that has been knocked down from the boards. For installation of metal, it is desirable to prepare shoes with soft, but not slippery soles.