Industrial parks are territories for the location of new industries. Creation, management and service

To place new production in the territory, which is provided with infrastructure and energy carriers, industrial parks are specially organized. This education must be provided with all the necessary conditions for an administrative and legal plan. It is managed by one or several specialized companies.

Composition

Industrial parks are special industrial sites, where independent enterprises operate from different or from one industry. The territory for all enterprises is common, therefore the industries that have divided its infrastructure are very often linked, since they jointly create value added and use the services of a management company - private or public. In chemists, industrial parks are so-called chemical parks, where enterprises have much closer industrial ties.

There is an Association of Industrial Parks, where unified documents are developed, including non-commercial partnerships. Industrial or industrial parks are also a specialized complex of a number of real estate objects managed by a single operator, where first of all there is a land plot, then industrial, administrative, storage and other facilities and premises. The entire transport and engineering infrastructure is established.

Symptoms

Of the indispensable features, such an industrial zone should primarily have land with a specific type of permitted use, that is, industrial. Capital construction of the main specialized facilities should be completed. The engineering infrastructure must be established. There should be a management company.

A special place is given to legal conditions. As was mentioned above, practically all the points of existence of an industrial park should be legally agreed upon: the category of land with the type of permitted use of buildings, the formulation of approvals for fire and environmental safety. All requirements and norms established by the legislation must be strictly observed, including the rent of industrial premises must be formalized by law.

Competitive conditions

For the successful operation of an industrial park, many components are needed: this is the abundance of labor resources and geographically close markets, primarily transport accessibility (here, it is best to integrate all available types of it-from road and rail to air and water). The engineering infrastructure should be well developed, and energy resources - even redundant.

Residents of licensing and administrative procedures should be able to simplify the procedure for their passage. Premises for production in a well-equipped industrial park are extremely adapted and modernly equipped. Housing for employees and social infrastructure can not be located far. The industrial zone usually has the ability to diversify or expand production. The work of a successful industrial park involves the most advanced engineering solutions.

History

The first creation of an industrial park took place in England in 1896. Prominent financier Ernest Hawley bought ten hectares of the bank of the Manchester Canal, and then began to think how to dispose of this land. He quickly built the premises for production, but - again - not under his. The idea to create an industrial park was formed gradually. First, the transport and engineering infrastructure was created.

Then the financier decided to lease out to the industrial enterprises the plots belonging to him. The business shifted from the dead end, and later Hawley began selling parts. Thus, the world's first industrial Trafford Park appeared. In 1910, it was here that Henry Ford brought his American dream - the first car factory in Europe, and in ten years more than three hundred firms took an example from him and moved their offices and production from America to Manchester. So industrial lands were mastered by enterprising people.

Value

What is the creation of an industrial park for its owners? This facility management is the management of objects by a special form of outsourcing, where the participating companies can benefit from the concentration of their core business, defeating competitors in a variety of ways. Synergy and scale effect work here , when the infrastructure is capital-intensive, expenses for necessary services are reduced, since enterprises are compactly located.

The developer or management company implements facility management, that is, even the fire protection of an industrial park may have its own. All positive factors are used, including the location and location of the industrial park, thus increasing its attractiveness, reducing its own costs for the maintenance of production. There is an opportunity to expand the business, opening up new production, as renting industrial premises in the park is much lower.

In Russia

From the beginning of the sixties of the twentieth century, the notion of an industrial park began to be used more and more actively. In Russia, they began to appear only in post-perestroika times, which was associated with the automotive industry and the development of the chemical industry. In the vast majority of cases, Western companies opened industrial parks in Russia.

Unfortunately, in unsuitable territories, literally in the open field, almost without using ready production sites, which with the closure of domestic industry in the country is huge. In addition, the status of an industrial park in Russia is not yet legally fixed, but the Association has already been established, and the matter has moved from a dead end. The main thing is to connect the relevant services so that sanitary, ecological safety is observed, the use of harmful and dangerous substances would be under control, and water use would be carried out according to the rules.

Models

World practice divides existing industrial parks into three main models.

1. The park, which contains an infrastructure management company that provides enterprises, except for production areas, also a number of services and the entire infrastructure. Most often, such a management company is the owner of an industrial park, but this is not an obligatory condition. Its services - part of the free market, if the framework agreement does not provide for the consumption of services provided without fail.

2. Separate industrial parks, often small, attracting companies for services from outside or entrusting infrastructure management firms that have placed their production on their territory.

3. Industrial parks with an anchor investor (major user), which performs all the functions of infrastructure management.

Energy supply and waste utilization

Energy here is considered not only as electricity, but as all other necessary materials that are distributed through the pipeline and cable networks: gases (hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, compressed air, etc.), water (special, necessary for certain industries, Desalted, technical, drinking, and so on), refrigerants (ammonia, freon) and the like. Steam production has a special role, since in industrial parks production is not limited to the needs of steam heating, there are many production, increasing the efficiency of work, CHP.

Disposal of waste is also one of the most important tasks of any management company, as it should be done in a qualified manner, since not only industrial and domestic garbage, but also toxic waste, is often on the territory of industrial parks, for the disposal of which special furnaces are needed. Also, we need our own treatment facilities for industrial wastewater.

Format

Experts came to a common opinion about what is the competitive advantage of industrial parks. This, of course, provides the infrastructure of all the facilities being placed, since this is precisely the reason for the success of this project and all production time. Arrangement of areas for several industries helps to save infrastructure costs, it is much easier to attract investors to cooperate with industrial parks of such a plan.

Developers often underestimate the complexity of issues related to the organization of infrastructure, so there are long-term construction, and empty parks can not work on the efficiency of the industry. The industrial park should have an investment appeal. And it can be made only by competently built infrastructure. The usual industrial sites are precisely the lack of supply of necessary services and differ from industrial parks.

Connections

An industrial company located on the territory of an industrial park does not need to deal independently with safety or waste disposal or with logistics. All this is taken care of by the owners of the park or the management company. Despite the fact that there are firms from different or even from one industry, the links between them are built up unshakable due to common production processes. For example, the company receives raw materials and produces a certain material, the other picks up the chain and produces a semi-finished product, after which the third company produces the finished product from the semi-finished product.

The minimum of displacements makes it competitive at the expense of a very attractive price. Companies located on the same territory do not spend so much on services from the park's infrastructure, as the expenses are divided into all and are much less than if everyone organized their own infrastructure. Efficiency grows, as all efforts are directed only to the production of products. The direction of activity of industrial parks is conceptual, residents use a specialized service. The level of services provided from infrastructure management is consistently high, the environment for doing business is favorable.

About Support

At present, there is a huge need in Russia for the support and development of industrial parks. The state begins to take care of this by providing subsidies and tax breaks, special loan programs. Quite successfully work such parks in Kaluga ("Grabtsevo"), where the plant "Volkswagen". There the total area of the park is over seven hundred and thirty hectares, and only about seventy are free.

You can also give an example of the industrial park "Vorsino", where production premises were received by such plants as Nestle, NLMK, Samsung and others. There is a well-developed park in the territory of the special economic zone - the Baltic Industrial Park (Kaliningrad), where even its own port complex will soon start operating. Such successes are explained by experts by the fact that there is an obligatory and most serious support of the state. Local projects, supported only at the regional level, are developing not so quickly and not on such a large scale.