Human Resources

Labor is the proportion of the population that has the necessary mental abilities, knowledge, and physical health for work. In general, opinions about them are different. Labor resources, speaking in a simple way, this is a part of the population that has the opportunity to take part in labor activity. The international statistics of the able-bodied population is the age of 15-65 years.

The balance of labor resources is a system of indicators that reflects the composition and number of labor resources, as well as their distribution by ownership and economic sectors, economically inactive and unemployed. It consists of two sections. The first section shows the resources, and the second - their distribution.

Labor resources, which are directly included in world production, are economically active population. Of course, this is not all. Here, as the world statistics of labor resources says, 3/4 of the able-bodied population is involved, about 3 billion people. Here, the level of unemployment is defined as the difference between labor resources and the population engaged in production. This indicator varies from country to country, and changes over time. It depends on what level of economic development the country is at. It also characterizes the standard of living of the population and the state of the economy.

The structure of employment is a reflection of the level of development of the country's economy, as well as of individual industries, the functional structure of settlements.

Employment in industry in developed countries is 25-30%. The number of working people in agriculture decreases every year. The number of people employed in the non-productive sphere is increasing. This sphere is represented by such activities as recreation, education and health. In addition, there are also trade and financial activities (Britain, USA, Belgium, Germany, Sweden, France). Developing countries more than half of the population involved in the agricultural sector of the economy. And in industry, the share of their occupation does not exceed 20%. Post-socialist countries accounted for the bulk of their population in material production (agriculture - 20%, industry - 50%). The manufacturing sector includes about 30%, while 2/3 of them fall on education, culture and health.

All this allows us to trace the logical relationship between the type of the country and the structure of production and employment. In industrialized countries, the non-production sector is developing significantly. This occurs on the basis of a well-developed industry, especially its processing link. The population is less engaged in the non-productive sphere, if the level of industrial development is lower. Such dynamics is preserved.

Based on the number of the resident population of a particular country, you can determine how much the labor force reaches. In order to reconcile the resource and distribution cleanliness of the balance of labor resources and the number of the working-age population, the number of foreign workers that are occupied by the economy on the territory of the country is included.

The data on the balance of labor resources make it possible to trace the dynamics of their redistribution between different forms of activity and industries, to obtain information about the structure and number of the unemployed population.

Calculations of the balance of labor resources have significance for countries with a market economy. And yet, the scheme of such a balance should be adapted to the statistical categories of employment that are used by countries with a market economy. It should also be borne in mind: the adoption of a balance as an international statistical standard is not accompanied by detailed descriptions of the methodology, as well as the concept of the balance of labor.