How to care for the apple tree in the spring? How to spray apples in the spring?

As soon as a positive temperature is set in the street, the gardeners are immediately taken for work. It's okay to get snowdrifts from the trees, because time does not wait. While the apple trees have not woken up, so much must be done! Spring is the most beautiful time of the year, but laborers have no time to look around, it is during this period that you need to prune your pets, loosen soil, fertilize, protect from pests. After all, the future harvest depends on the work done.

Pruning an old apple tree

Many gardeners believe that trees that are more than 15 years old must be replaced with young fast-growing varieties. But what to do, if you do not raise your hand to an old, but such a native and delicious apple-tree? In this case, it is worth recommending to make rejuvenating pruning. The apple tree is usually trimmed in the spring to 3-4 years old wood, but if it has not had growth for two years, then it is necessary to shorten the semi-skeletal and skeletal branches and remove some of the fruit formations. At very old trees it is necessary to cut branches up to 7-9-year-old wood.

Old apple trees can not be shortened to a fetus or a ringlet, it is necessary to be guided by a zone of sleeping kidneys, located in the bottom part of the shoot. Restoration processes will appear the next year, the tree will be rejuvenated. There may be too many branches thickening the crown, they should be thinned out. Already in the second year after pruning, apples will appear on the apple tree, and on the third she will enjoy tasty and juicy fruits.

Pruning of a young apple tree

In the formation of the crown, even the smallest trees are needed. Caring for apple trees in young spring involves preventive pruning, which will help to regulate not only growth, but also fruiting, because because of the overload, the quality of fruits often deteriorates. Annual saplings usually do not have branchings, so they cut them at a level of one meter from the ground. If there are lateral shoots, then at a height of half a meter from the ground they need to be removed. It is necessary to immediately remove the branches forming an acute angle with the barrel, because in the future they can break off under the weight of apples.

Biennial seedlings are cut in the same way as annual ones. Leave the strongest-looking side shoots forming a wide angle with the trunk, which in the future will become the skeleton of the tree, and all the others are removed. The length of the lower branches should be about 30 cm, and those that are higher - even less. The conductor should rise above the remaining shoots somewhere 20 cm. In the first years of life the apple-tree needs a shaping pruning, because only a tree with a well-groomed, well-illuminated, compact crown can bring a good harvest. Up to 5 years with shortening branches is better not to experiment. Branches are trimmed to a minimum, otherwise the apple tree may linger in development.

Fertilizing fruit trees

There is nothing to count on a good harvest if there is no knowledge of how to care for the apple tree in the spring. Professional gardeners annually make fertilizers that allow them to regulate growth processes, develop immunity against pests and form a rich crop. As soon as the snow comes down, and the ground is a little podtat, you need to dig up the soil and make a bit of ammonium nitrate in the near-well zone. It is best to make top dressing with a solution of 30 g / 10 liters of water. Of course, you can pour saltpeter balls directly onto the snow or ice cake, but there is a high probability that the fertilizer will be washed and the tree will get only crumbs.

Caring for apple trees in the spring provides at the beginning of the growing season, the introduction of nitrogen fertilizing. It is not necessary to buy special organic fertilizers, you can use the usual bird droppings, manure or peat. These funds have a good effect on the growth and fruiting of apple trees, but it is better to dilute them with water to protect the plant from such diseases as black cancer and root burn.

In May, in the flowering period, urea or some other organic fertilizer should be added. The solution is prepared at the rate of 25 g / 10 l of water, it is insisted for about 5 days. In fertilizing especially need one-year seedlings. Caring for apple trees in young spring involves a three-time application of fertilizers with an interval of half a month. This will help the tree to grow, to form a beautiful crown. Do not forget about complex top dressing, they have all the components necessary for the full development of apple trees.

How to plant a seedling?

Fruit trees can be planted in both autumn and spring. If the warm season is preferable, it should be remembered - it is better to plant the seedling before budding. So he will quickly get accustomed, less painfully survive the transplant and will quickly grow. To apple-tree did not hurt, it must be constantly watered, lack of moisture leads to the appearance of various diseases and slowing the growth of the plant.

Initially, you should choose and prepare a place for the new tenant of the garden. Tall trees are located no closer than 3 m from the boundary, and medium-sized trees - 2 m. Groundwater should lie at a depth of 1.5 m, can be lower. If the water passes higher, then the tree can be periodically flooded. To prevent this from happening, it should be placed on a hill (about 1 m). Planting seedlings best in the place where previously did not grow fruit and berry crops. After uprooting the garden, the territory can be sown for two years with meadow grasses, they will change the soil.

Caring for apple seedlings in the spring assumes immediately that immediately after transplanting it is necessary to prune, because the root system is disturbed and it is not able to provide nutrition to the entire ground part of the plant. If the soil is good, then the depth and diameter of the landing pit can fluctuate within 50-60 cm. In broached soils, a depth of 70 cm is allowed, a diameter of one meter. Before planting the seedlings should be soaked for a day in a bucket of water to restore the water balance. The broken roots must be cut with a pruner or a sharp knife.

How to transplant a tree?

Before you decide to transplant the apple tree to a new location, you need to think carefully about whether it should be done at all. Planting a plant - this is the probability of injury, stress, which can be disastrous for weak seedlings. It is better not to touch sick trees at all, it is likely that they will die. More or less tolerate the transplantation of apple over 15 years. So, the decision is made, we start to work.

Before planting an apple tree in spring in a new place, you should prepare a trench, which should be twice as deep and wider than the plant. The earth needs to be dug up, all the weeds removed, the bottom of the pit covered with fertilizers and limestone. To support the tree, you must prepare three sturdy pegs. The transplantation of apple trees should be carried out before budding, early spring. Dig a tree carefully, grabbing a large lump together with the root system. The trunk can be wrapped with a soft cloth, and the roots packed in a grid.

It is not recommended to keep a dug tree for a long time, it should be planted as soon as possible. Otherwise, it can get sick, take a long time. The earth coma must be placed in the pit in such a way that the root neck remains above the soil. Roots are sprinkled with loose soil, which is well tamped. After a while, it is necessary to pour the earth, because the tree will settle. Between the root system and the ground part, balance should be maintained, therefore, after transplanting, it is recommended to cut the crown.

Protection against pests

Even high-quality pruning and good fertilizer do not guarantee a plentiful harvest, because there are still pests of apple trees. In the spring, the processing of trees is carried out in several stages. When buds are dissolved, nothing can be done, because the process of pollination and ovary formation may be disrupted. Also, attention should be paid to wintering conditions, the type of insects most often affecting the plant.

The first treatment of apple trees in the spring falls on March, when the buds have not yet blossomed and the sap flow has not begun. During this period, it is necessary to trim the crown and clean the trunk of lichens and dead cortex. Also it is necessary to conduct spraying with chemical preparations, treatment of near-ground soil and whitewashing with limestone barrel solution for complete destruction of insects wintering on a tree.

In April, when the buds were already formed, but the flowering had not yet begun, it is recommended that the plant be protected from the apple blossom by catching belts and sprayed with biological preparations. During the formation of buds, it is possible to remove pests by hand, and also to remove weeds near the tree. Spraying is not recommended, as it will harm insect pollinators. Caring for apple trees in the spring also requires processing after flowering. In the second half of May, the wood should be sprayed with means against the leaf rollers, moths and other insects that spoil the fruits and foliage.

How to spray apples in the spring?

All preparations for the treatment of fruit trees share a common name - insecticides. They are contact and systemic. The first act on the insect with direct contact. They are unstable, washed away by rain, even in dry weather, lose effectiveness after 7 days. Contact insecticides are used in early spring, when it is necessary to drain insects left after wintering. The second type of medication is used in April, with repeated processing of trees. Systemic insecticides operate around a crescent, they penetrate the plant, resulting in pests dying of poisoning. The quality of the fruit does not affect the drugs, because they quickly decompose.

How to spray apples in the spring? The most common means is benzophosphate, which affects leaf-eating pests. Its advantages include a minimal effect on insect pollinators and good protection, which lasts about a month. "Trichlorol-5" can be used from early spring to the beginning of flowering. "Oleokuprit" kills the medlar, the aphids, the mites, the scutellum. You can also use the means "Carbofos" and "Preparation No. 30".

What are good dwarf trees?

The way in which to take care of an apple tree in spring depends largely on the type of plant. Recently many gardeners praise dwarf varieties, they say, with them and the efforts are less, and they bring more crops. Is it really? It would be fairer to talk not about their advantages, but about the peculiarities of caring for these miniature inhabitants of the garden. Compared with tall varieties much earlier come into fruiting dwarf apple. Care in terms of pruning is much simplified, because they are low and slightly branched. The fruits are large, they are removed quite easily. Even a beginning gardener will be able to protect such apple trees from pests and hide them for the winter. Problems can arise if the tree grows on wetland. Since it has a superficial root system, the plant can fall off. Also, dwarf varieties often break down in places of vaccination.

Trimming a dwarf apple

Miniature trees have their own peculiarity in the formation of the crown. It can be pyramidal, semi-arched, with vertical or horizontal cordons. The pyramidal type is formed by leaving six kidneys and removing all the others, while a 10-cm bare spike should remain at the top. Over time, when the lateral shoot starts to develop from the upper kidney, it should be tied up to the apex. The rest of the crown is formed by skeletal branches, their length after trimming should not exceed 30 cm. The shape of the pyramid is created by tying the branches.

How in the spring should I take care of the apple blossom? One-year-olds measure about 35 cm of the stem, and the rest of the crown is formed as in ordinary apple trees - along a sparse-tiered or tufted-tiered scheme. In addition, you can create horizontal and vertical cordons. Such crowns suggest the presence on the trunk of only fruit branches.

How to care for an apple-tree in a column type in the spring?

Owners of small private plots face a difficult choice - which fruit trees to plant, and which ones should be abandoned? The problem was solved by column-shaped apple trees occupying little space, not creating shadows and annually bringing many tasty, juicy apples. Such varieties are also attracted by early fruiting: for the fifth year after planting, it is possible to harvest a full-fledged crop. From one tree with human growth, in the second year you can take a kilogram of apples, and an adult plant yields about 10 kg.

The popular apple tree "melbi" also belongs to the column- shaped ones. Planting and caring for such trees are somewhat specific. The top of them can not be cut off, on the contrary, the apical bud should be protected, because this variety does not create lateral shoots. Colon-shaped apple-trees have a superficial root system, therefore, weeds should not grow around them, drowning out the column rootstock.

It is recommended to normalize the harvest: in the first year it is necessary to cut off all the buds, and in the following - to leave two flowers in each cluster. Colon-shaped apple trees need protection from severe frosts, so it is better to plant them in the places closed from the wind. For the winter, you can cover the root system with straw, lapnikom, fallen leaves.

Conclusion

Adherence to all recommendations will bring results very soon. Regardless of the variety, all apple trees need fertilizing, watering, pest control, periodic pruning, warming for the winter. Well-groomed trees have a healthy beautiful appearance and bear fruit well every year. There are no bad harvests, there are owners who do not follow their green pets.