Hernia hernia: signs, treatment

The stomach is one of the key organs, on the health of which the comfort and full vital activity of a person directly depends. The appearance of a sliding hernia can have a significant negative impact on this organ. Ignoring such a problem is impossible, therefore it is important to get acquainted with the symptoms of the pathology and the methods of treatment.

Herniated hernia

This disease can be defined as a pathology, the essence of which is reduced to the displacement of one or several organs located in the peritoneum. The movement itself is carried out through the aperture of the esophagus located in the diaphragm in the direction of the thoracic cavity. As a result, the organs that should be in the abdominal cavity are in the chest area and protrude prominently.

Hernia of the esophagus (the second name of the disease) can lead even to a partial slip of the stomach, which eventually ends up in the region of the chest.

This state sometimes provokes the development of acid reflux in the patient, that is, outflow into the esophagus of stomach acid. Most of these diagnoses are given to patients older than 50 years. It should be noted that women suffer from such a problem as an axial hernia, much more often representatives of the stronger sex.

Causes

The displacement of internal organs can be a consequence of several factors that should be paid attention. Here are the reasons for the appearance of this pathology:

- too strong loads leading to overstrain of the peritoneum;

- a prolonged cough;

- excess weight;

- pathology of the development of the diaphragm of the esophageal foramen, which has an innate nature;

- changes associated with the aging process;

- Constant constipation;

- a perceptible increase in pressure inside the peritoneum;

- operations and various injuries;

- In some cases, the hernia of the esophagus may be due to pregnancy or difficult births.

It is easy to see that to such a difficult state leads to excessive tension in the peritoneal region, which appears under the influence of a variety of reasons.

Types and severity of the disease

Modern medical practice makes it possible to identify several key types of this problem:

- Paraesophageal. It's about moving only part of the stomach without participating in the process of other organs.

- Sliding hernia, it is also axial. In this case, the cardiac part is also displaced into the chest cavity.

- Mixed. These are the signs of the first two species that manifest simultaneously.

- Congenital. Such a diagnosis is made when a hernia is detected, the formation of which occurs against the background of a small esophagus, located in the form of the "chest ventricle". This situation is anomalous.

It is important to note the fact that the sliding hernia is a pathology that can have several degrees, each of which has its own characteristics and deserves attention:

1. The stomach is under the diaphragm, the cardia is at the level with it, and the abdominal segment of the esophagus is above the diaphragm.

2. The hiatal hernia of the 2nd degree differs in that the esophagus is compressed evenly, and the cardinal part of the stomach appears in the mediastinum.

3. There is a pronounced reduction in the esophagus, and the entire stomach or its component appears in the mediastinum.

How is diagnostics performed?

There are several methods by which an axial hernia or other kind of this pathology can be detected.

First of all, it is necessary to resort to an x-ray study, at the base of which the barium contrast will lie. If the procedure is done correctly, then in the picture you can see a noticeable protrusion.

Attention should be paid also to such a technique as pH-metry. With its help determine the acidity of the stomach. These data are very important for the purpose of effective therapy.

Fibrogastroscopy plays a role in the identification of the patient's condition. Using this technique makes it possible to assess the condition in which the esophagus and stomach as a whole.

Without such diagnostic measures, this pathology is virtually indeterminate in the early stages. Therefore, it is worthwhile to get acquainted with the symptomatology in order to be able to recognize the impact of such a serious illness in time.

Manifestations of the disease

As the key symptoms, you can identify pain that appears with varying frequency and intensity. At the same time they can be both blunt and burning.

Sometimes the pain senses radiate to the heart area, so that patients begin to suspect heart failure. In some cases, a hiatal hernia may be the cause of pain in the interlobar region.

If the disease is caused by such an innate problem as an insufficiently wide esophagus, the symptoms may resemble the manifestations of axial hernia. It's about heartburn, which appears after eating, pain after the sternum, worse in the horizontal position, and pain in other parts of the body.

In general, the pathology manifests itself as follows:

- difficulty in swallowing food;

- heartburn after exercise or eating;

- Pain in the thoracic region;

- signs of hiatal hernia can take the form of belching with air or stomach contents.

This symptomatology is sometimes misdiagnosed by patients. As the reviews show, people think that these are signs of other diseases, are engaged in self-medication. However, with any suspicions of a hernia of this type, you should immediately go to the doctor. This will allow timely treatment and prevent complications.

Methods of therapy

If you had to deal with such a problem as hernia hiatal, then there could be two ways out of the situation: surgical or conservative treatment.

As the main task of classical techniques, it is possible to determine not the elimination of the hernia itself, but the reduction of the symptoms of reflux esophagitis and the neutralization of gastroesophageal reflux. That is, doctors are trying to remove pain and prevent possible complications. These goals are achieved through the appointment of a diet based on fractional and frequent meals. At the time of this treatment will have to give up some products. It's about chocolate, carbonated drinks, coffee, animal fats, fresh bread and other flour products. Also, doctors do not advise to rest in lying position next 3 hours after eating with such treatment.

Harmful habits can complicate the process of fighting the disease, so they will have to be abandoned. Perhaps the impact of pharmacological drugs. It can be inhibitors of the proton pump, prokinetics, antacids, etc.

As for surgical intervention, it is relevant only if conservative treatment has not given the desired effect. The most commonly used laparoscopic technique.

Possible complications

If a hernia is hiatal, then Without timely and A qualified treatment for a patient can become even worse.

The very fact of complications can be expressed through several processes:

- infringement of a hernia;

- esophageal bleeding;

- Peptic stricture of the esophagus;

- reflux esophagitis;

- perforation of the esophagus;

- prolapse of the gastric mucosa in the esophagus;

- Peptic ulcers.

If an operation was performed, then there is a risk of dilatation of the stomach, mega-esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux. Do not exclude the possibility of a recurrence of a hernia. As a complication, aspiration pneumonia may occur . Parenteral administration of antibiotics is used to neutralize it.

Results

It is a big mistake to treat negligently the fact of the appearance of a hiatal hernia. If such a diagnosis was made, then the treatment process should be taken as seriously as possible. Otherwise, the condition may deteriorate significantly.