Getschinson's teeth: causes, description of shape and structure, photo

The teeth of Hutchinson, Pfluger and Fournier are a kind of tooth enamel hypoplasia . This disease appears, as a rule, because of mechanical trauma to the follicles or when the infection penetrates the rudiments of the teeth. The most common cause of an incomplete development and even the absence of tooth tissue is considered. Let's find out how the teeth of Hutchinson develop.

Causes of hypoplasia

Often the disease occurs due to congenital pathology, although it develops only after the birth of a child. Because of what the teeth of Getschinson develop? The causes are as follows:

• Conflict of Rhesus factors in the blood of the child and mother.
• Infectious diseases, transferred by a woman in the first 3 months of pregnancy.
• Strong and persistent toxicosis during the 2nd and 3rd trimester.
• Injuries received during labor.
• Births that occurred before 40 weeks (premature).
• Rickets.
• Child's dystrophy (with poor appetite and other causes).
• Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Metabolic disorders in the body.
• Somatic diseases.
• Incorrect work of the brain in the first year of life.
• Infectious diseases carried by the child in utero or after birth until 6 months.
• Jaw and face injuries.

Symptoms of the disease

Doctors subdivide hypoplasia into two main types. The reasons for their appearance are the same, but the symptoms are different. Let's consider how the systemic and local type of disease is taking place.

Hypoplasia systemic

• All teeth are defeated.
• On the front surface there are spots of white or yellow-brown color.
• The enamel is thin or completely absent.
• The layer covering the core of the tooth is not fully developed.

Hypoplasia local

• Several teeth are affected.
• Perhaps the emergence of inflammatory processes due to the fact that the deep layers are damaged.
• Constructive defects appear on the teeth.
• On the affected teeth, the enamel may be missing partially or completely.

In addition to the two main forms of the disease, doctors distinguish and 3 special forms.

These include:

• Getschinson's teeth. Usually change the shape of a few or all of the teeth. They take a round or oval appearance, and their cutting edges become concave and resemble the crescent moon.
• The teeth of Pfluger. This form externally strongly resembles the disease described by Getchinson. The only difference is the appearance of the cutting edge, which looks the same as a healthy person.
• Teeth of Fournier. Permanent teeth, namely "sixes", have the form of a cone. From the root they are wide and narrow downwards. On their surface there are tubercles, which almost do not stand out. Often this form develops with syphilis (intrauterine).

The Gatchinson's triad is determined by such signs:

• Deformation of a pair or all of the teeth due to the influence of the spirochete pale on the rudiments.
• Parenchymal keratitis.

In most cases, patients develop a deafness. This is due to the degeneration of the nerve (pre-vertebral cochlear), which is located in the stony part of the bone of the temporal lobe and is called the syphilitic labyrinth. The triad is often a sign of syphilis (congenital) at a late stage of development. Patients have one or two symptoms, but all of them are extremely rare. On the photos of teeth you can see what the pathology looks like.

Degrees of disease

There are 3 degrees of the disease. They differ in complexity and form.

• The initial degree of hypoplasia is manifested in the form of small pigment spots located on the surface of all or a few teeth.
• The average degree of hypoplasia is manifested when convex or concave furrows appear on the enamel surface, as well as pits. Often against this background, the Hetchinson triad develops.
• A strong degree of hypoplasia is observed when the deformation of the tooth occurs or the enamel is erased.

Treatment is conducted at any degree, but the methods of therapy are different.

Forms of the disease

Doctors-stomatologists share hypoplasia of enamel on 6 forms:

• Spotted. With it appear spots of white on the surface of the teeth, because of this there is a change in the structure of the tissue. Sometimes the color of the spots can be yellow or light brown. The central incisors are spotted first.
• Erosive, or bowl-shaped. It appears in the form of round or oval defects, similar to the bowl, which differ from each other in size. The erosive form has a paired character, often it affects the teeth, located symmetrically. The enamel can be thinned towards the bottom of the bowl, and sometimes completely absent. In some cases, the spots can acquire a yellow tint due to the fact that the dentin seeps.

• Furrowed. On the surface of the teeth appear furrows, they are parallel to each other and pass to adjacent teeth. This form mostly affects all teeth. Depth depends on the severity of the disease. Upper incisors usually suffer more than other teeth.
• Linear and wavy forms. Visually on the teeth are visible grooves, which are located vertically. Most often they are on the vestibular side. Because of this it seems that the enamel is wavy.
• Aplastic. This is the most severe form of hypoplasia. Enamel on the teeth with it is missing completely, or there are only small parts of it.
• Mixed. With her, most people notice most forms simultaneously. Each affects only a couple of teeth. Most often, the spotted and cup-shaped forms are manifested together.

The photo of the teeth presented above shows a vertical furrow that destroys the enamel.

Hypoplasia of infant teeth

The disease occurs in many children. This is due to the fact that it can develop in the pre-natal period. There are such cases, that the child has hypoplasia, which passes by itself with the change of bite. But this does not mean that you do not need to do anything with it. After all, weakened baby teeth will be prone to tooth decay, and this, in turn, will cause problems with permanent teeth. During hypoplasia immunity decreases, so the baby can often get sick.

The child can face further with such diseases:

• Stronger erasure of teeth.
• Destruction of dental tissues.
• Complete loss of affected teeth.
• Appearance of abnormal (abnormal) occlusion.

Diagnosis of tooth hypoplasia

It is quite easy to detect the disease, especially in the late stages. However, early on the disease can be confused with the initial and superficial caries.

If there are signs of illness, consult a doctor and he will put an accurate diagnosis.

Treatment

If the hypoplasia is in a weak degree and thus there are spots on the teeth that are invisible to the unaided eye, then you can not carry out treatment. When the spots are noticeable or the process of tooth decay has begun, it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor who will immediately take appropriate measures. However sad it might sound, the disease can not be cured completely. Dentists can correct cosmetic defects, but there is a chance that after a while you will have to treat them again.

The main treatment is done with the help of teeth whitening. This helps remove stains from the enamel. However, this method is not used in severe stages of the disease. Sometimes doctors perform tooth grinding, which helps get rid of the bumps and uneven cutting edges.

Also, doctors often use the method of remineralization of tooth enamel. This procedure is carried out with the help of special preparations, such as "Remodent" and "Calcium gluconate" in solution. If the teeth have suffered very much, the dentist will suggest you to install a veneer, a bridge or a crown. For a better effect, all existing diseases that affect the condition of the oral cavity need to be cured.

To reduce the effects of hypoplasia on the teeth, you should carefully monitor hygiene and, if necessary, brush your teeth more than twice a day. You can also cure tooth decay with the help of orthodontic therapy. The doctor's advice: orthopedic treatment can not be carried out when the dentoalveolar system in the child is not formed. This will help to avoid the appearance of pulpitis and periodontitis.

Prevention of disease

In order to prevent the occurrence of hypoplasia in adulthood, it is necessary to carry out preventive actions. They will help to avoid illness. If you adhere to simple rules, you can significantly reduce the risk of hypoplasia in any form and degree. Proceed with prevention is recommended in advance.

Food

Proper and balanced nutrition plays an important role in prevention. It must be observed at the planning stage of pregnancy. Also, nutrition should be controlled and the child after his birth. When the baby is allowed to use new products, not milk and mixtures, the main thing is to include the following in his diet:

• Milk, cheese, cottage cheese and other products that contain calcium and fluoride.
• Vitamin D. You can give your child special drugs and spend more time in the sun.
• Foods rich in vitamin C. These are broccoli, oranges, tangerines, spinach.
• Products containing vitamins A and B. This is seafood, legumes, poultry and mushrooms.

Hygiene

It is necessary to accustom the child to hygiene of the oral cavity from the age of one year. Teeth should be cleaned in the morning and in the evening. If your baby is capricious, then turn this action into a game that the child loves, and turn on the fantasy. Also, after eating, rinse your mouth with water. And do not forget to visit the dentist twice a year. This will help to identify problems before they occur.

Tips for parents

Many parents do not even suspect that dental hypoplasia is a very common disease among children. In order to alleviate the condition of the child, the following steps must be taken:

• Exclude from the diet all sour and sweet foods.
• Use special toothpastes.
• For small children for oral hygiene, get silicone brushes-fingertips.
• Regularly perform the procedure for silvering teeth.
• Keep track of their condition and timely fill teeth when necessary.

Doctor's advice: watch your children during the game and do not let run fast. So you can prevent injury to the jaw.

Hypoplasia of tooth enamel in any form is regarded as a developmental defect. It appears due to the failure of metabolic processes in the development of teeth and manifests itself as a qualitative and quantitative violation of enamel. Many dentists believe that these changes appear due to problems in the formation of dental tissues and the transformation of enamel cells.