Fistula - what is it? Fistula treatment folk remedies. Ligature fistula

Fistula - what is it? The answer to this question is found in the materials of the article. In addition, we will tell you why this pathological condition occurs, and what symptoms it accompanies and how to get rid of it.

General information

Fistula - what is this deviation? In medical practice, such a pathological phenomenon is often called a fistula. This word is formed from the Latin "fistula" and literally means "tube". In other words, the fistula is a kind of channel that connects a tumor or an abscess with a surface or two cavities (two organs) to each other.

Appearance

Fistula - what is this pathological phenomenon, what does it look like? As a rule, such a fistula looks like a rather narrow canal, which is lined with an epithelial layer and is accompanied by characteristic secretions.

Main reasons

Why does the fistula develop? The reasons for this deviation include the following:

• After cessation of any inflammation, pus usually comes out. Moreover, the channel, which he follows, later he painlessly heals. However, in some cases (for example, if the inflammatory process has not been completely eliminated), a cavity with an infection (sometimes even with a dead bone) continues to be located in the tissues, in connection with which the "tube" does not grow together, but forms a purulent fistula.
• Fistulas can arise from the roots of the tooth (with chronic periodontitis), passing through the gum and jaw.
• If, after blind gunshot wounds , fragments of bullets, bones were not recovered in time, suppuration also occurs next to them, which leads to fistula development.
• This deviation is often formed after surgical operations with suppuration of seams near the ligatures (i.e., threads used for bandaging internal tissues, blood vessels, etc.). In this case, there is a ligature fistula.

Types of fistulas at the location

Before you start treating this deviation, you should determine its appearance. It is not difficult to do this, since this classification depends, first of all, on the location:

• Gastric fistula. This pathology most often occurs after surgical operations (for example, after resection of the main digestive organ).
• Rectal fistula.
• Fistula anorectal. Such a deviation is characterized by a pathological canal originating from the anus (or rectum) to the skin.
• The fistula is pararectal . Goes outside from the anal crypt to the skin.
• Rectovaginal fistula. With this disease, the rectovaginal septum is damaged.
• Duodenal, or so-called intestinal fistulas. This is the outer canal, coming from the duodenum.
• Fistula bronchial. Such a deviation is accompanied by a pathological message of the lumen of the bronchus with the pleural cavity.

Types of fistula due to the appearance

Absolutely any fistula (the photo of deviation data presented in this article) can be classified as follows:

• Acquired. In other words, this phenomenon occurs as a result of suppuration (for example, fistula of the tooth with chronic periodontitis), or serious diseases such as osteomyelitis or tuberculosis.
• Congenital . In this case, fistulas arise from malformations (navel, neck, etc.)
• Created artificially. Such deviations are formed after surgical intervention (for example, ligature fistula).

Kinds of fistulas by contact with the environment

In this case, such a pathological phenomenon can be:

• External, that is, go directly to the skin (for example, fistula of the rectum).
• Internal, that is, not to communicate with the external environment, but to connect only adjacent cavities (for example, bronchopiscous fistula).

Types of fistula by the nature of the secret, which of them stands out

These fistulas include:

• Purulent;
• Mucous membranes;
• Biliary;
• Urinary;
• Feces, etc.

The main symptoms of the disease

The clinical picture of such a pathology depends, first of all, on the location of the fistula and the cause of their appearance.

Thus, the main sign of this disease (external) is the opening on the skin, from which the liquid is released. By the way, the appearance of fistula can be preceded by either trauma of this area, or inflammation of nearby tissues and organs, or surgical intervention.

As for internal fistulas, most often they appear due to complications of chronic or acute diseases. For example, gallstones are often formed due to obstruction of the ducts by a stone. In this case, the symptoms of the deviation depend on the amount of bile that is released into the abdominal cavity. So, the patient can feel severe pain and pronounced disorders of the digestive tract.

Broncho-oesophageal fistulas are often complicated by ingestion of food in the tracheobronchial tree. This fact leads to the development of aspiration pneumonia or bronchitis with the corresponding signs.

Fistula of the rectum can be determined by the following symptoms:

• There is a hardly noticeable opening in the area of the anus (on the skin). In this case, the patient can have abundant discharge of pus, in connection with which he is forced to constantly wear a gasket and regularly take a shower.
• Aching in the anus. As a rule, such sensations are most intense during defecation, and afterwards they noticeably subside.

Fistula on the gum is determined by such signs as:

• Pronounced mobility of teeth;
• Pain of teeth, which increases during touch;
• Purulent discharge.

Methods of diagnosis

If you observe at least one of the above signs, you should immediately contact the doctor for a correct diagnosis. It should be noted that specialists do not have special difficulties in diagnosing such a deviation. After all, it is based on the collection of anamnesis, the study of characteristic complaints of patients, the type of fistula, the analysis of the composition and amount of fluid released, as well as the change in the functioning of the affected organs.

To clarify the direction and length of the fistula, as well as its direct connection with the focus, it is often used sounding and radiography together with the introduction of a contrast agent in the passage.

By the way, you can clarify the diagnosis "gastric fistula" with the help of studies on the presence of hydrochloric acid. If it is present in the canal, it indicates the gastric location of the fistula. But the urinary fistula is characterized by the presence of uric acid salts.

It should be specially noted that external fistulas are easier to diagnose than internal ones. After all, they have a characteristic opening that can be seen by a specialist with the naked eye. As for internal fistulas, they should be detected not only by existing symptoms and complaints of the patient, but also by diagnostic methods such as ultrasound, radiography and endoscopy.

Fistula: treatment with official medicine

Therapy of patients with external fistulas is based on:

• Local treatment;
• General therapeutic;
• Operational.

Local therapy means the treatment of the wound formed, as well as the protection of surrounding tissues from the effects of fluid that is released from the canal. For example, if the fistula is on the leg, abdomen, etc., then the purulent area is treated with various agents (ointments, pastes and powders). They are applied at the outer opening of the canal, thereby preventing contact of the skin with pus, mucus, etc.

In addition, chemical agents can be used that eliminate irritation of external tissues by neutralizing excreta from the fistula. To do this, it is recommended to use inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes (for example, Gordoks, Kontrikal, etc.).

Mechanical methods of protecting the skin are primarily aimed at reducing or completely stopping the discharge from the canal with the help of special devices.

For the general treatment of purulent and other fistulas, they are constantly used with an antiseptic solution.

Tubular granulating passages are often closed independently after eliminating the causes of their occurrence (for example, removal of bone sequester, ligature, etc.). But the labial fistulas never pass by themselves. To treat such abnormalities, only surgical intervention for their excision, suturing of external openings or resection of the affected organ is used.

It should also be noted that in some cases surgeons form artificial fistula specifically to enable the patient to eat, or to withdraw the accumulated secret from an internal organ. These channels can be either permanent or temporary. After the patient's condition is improved, the temporary channels are closed surgically.

In addition to the external, artificially created and internal fistula (interorgan). As a rule, they are imposed either for a long period, or for life.

Fistula treatment folk remedies

Of course, the treatment of such a deviation requires mandatory consultation with an experienced doctor. Indeed, with untimely and incorrect therapy, fistula can lead to serious complications that can endanger human life.

But, despite this possibility, adherents of alternative medicine still use numerous folk methods to close the fistula formed. Let's consider some of them in more detail.

Treatment of ligature fistula with the help of aloe

For the preparation of the medicinal product, it is necessary to take 10-12 fleshy arrows from the presented plant, and then wash them in warm boiled water. Next, the aloe must be finely chopped and placed in a liter jar. In the tank, you need to pour 300 g of any honey, it is not safe to cover and put in a dark place for 7-10 days. In this case, after 4-5 days, it is desirable to mix the mass well. In conclusion, the tincture is required to filter several times and take on a dessert spoon three times a day.

Ointment from external fistula

This ointment is good for healing and treatment of fistulas of the vagina and rectum. To do this, we need a herb of water pepper, bark of oak, lard and flaxseed flowers. All imposed plants must be crushed, and then placed in a container and immediately poured with melted lard. In this case, the ratio of fat and grass should be one to two.

After the performed actions it is necessary to put the filled dishes in the oven and turn on the slow fire. It is desirable to heat the ointment for at least 7-11 hours. Finally, the drug must be cooled at room temperature. The way of treatment with such ointment is quite simple. To do this, you need to make a cotton swab, abundantly lubricate it with a tool, and then attach it to the fistulous opening. Change the bandages preferably every five hours.

Decoctions from external fistulas

Infusions and decoctions of medicinal chamomile are used only externally - for rinsing holes. For their preparation, take 1 large spoonful of dried flowers, brew them with one glass of boiling water, and then insist for 60 minutes and filter.

Also, for cleansing fistulas and making compresses, decoctions made from calendula are used.

Prevention

Now you know how to treat fistula, what it is, why it arises. Prevention of acquired channels should include the prevention of infectious diseases. In addition, it is required to strictly follow the rules of asepsis during surgical interventions.

With regard to the prevention of congenital fistula, it is impossible, because the disease occurs in the first trimester of pregnancy.