Factory "ZIL". Plant named after Likhachev (ZIL) - address

Automobile plants are the most important part of the state self-sufficiency of any small country. Of course, in our country there are many similar enterprises, one of which is the ZIL plant. The history of his appearance and description of the present state are set forth in this material.

How it all began

In 1915 it became finally clear that the technical backwardness of the Russian Empire was too costly for her at the front. One of the reasons for the huge losses in manpower and equipment at the front was the simple fact that the first line of defense did not have time to deliver shells and cartridges. There were no trucks, and horse traction was not effective enough.

That is why in 1916 on the territory of Tyuflevoy Grove the first building of the plant AMO was laid. Its construction was fraught with great difficulties, since the country simply did not have a single machine for producing the necessary parts. The machines themselves in Russia also produced no opportunity, and therefore everything necessary was ordered in the USA.

After the Red October

In 1918, after the October Revolution, workers had to find ways to make spare parts, since there were no more supplies from abroad. On November 1, 1924, the first Soviet AMO truck was built, which was entirely built from domestic components. This date is considered to be the day of the beginning of the modern Russian automobile industry.

In 1927, I.A. Likhachev. He took office in the face of a severe crisis, when the country had neither skilled workers nor the capacity to produce at least a sufficient amount of quality steel. Production under such conditions was so expensive that trucks delivered from the United States cost 30% (!) Cheaper!

To cope with this, in 1931 a large-scale reconstruction of the plant was carried out. About the extent to which the scale of the work was great, the phrase of Likhachev himself testifies: "In fact, we sewed a coat to the buttons ...". At that time, the ZIL plant was also called ZIS. Until 1939, the company was able to produce about 40,000 only AMO trucks, not to mention about the same number of American cars produced at that time under license. Recall that from 1917 to 1920 for the gate left less than two thousand cars. By 1939, the factory had already worked 39747 people.

1941-45

The war was the hardest test both for the whole country and for the plant staff. Since the enterprise produced the most important products (not only trucks, but also regimental cannons, shells, etc.), its workers were not called to the front. However, they worked under such difficult conditions that the young people preferred to go to the front line.

Huge difficulties were added by the fact that in 1941 the plant had to be evacuated to other cities, in parts. In 1942, due to the difficult situation at the front and the threat of capture by the Nazis of the production base, an order was given for the complete destruction of the enterprise. Saved ZIL plant only winter counteroffensive near Moscow, according to which the order was withdrawn.

Of course, soon the company retained mainly the oldest employees, women and adolescents. Half-starved, in unheated shops, they had to collect front-line standards. And they did it. Only trucks for these terrible four years was released more than 100 thousand!

The post-war period

At that time the ZIL plant began to be actively reconstructed and reconstructed. Around the same years the USSR began active cooperation with the PRC. As a result of negotiations, the plant was rebuilt in China, and Soviet documentation was used in the construction. In addition, Chinese specialists were invited to the USSR for training.

Throughout the subsequent period, up to the end of the 1980s, the ZIL plant in Moscow was increasing production volumes. Specialists of the enterprise participated in all large-scale projects of the country: medicine and space, the army and automobile industry - all this was done, including by their hands.

The Tough 90s

The factory was still holding the first half of the gloomy 1990s. Somehow, the contracts that remained from Soviet times were saved, and the widely deployed businessmen still bought cars. In 1994, the conveyor belt produced the "last of the Mohicans", ZIL-130. It seemed that the plant named after Likhachev (ZIL) was living out the last days.

Since 1995, everything has become very bad. More than half of the shops came to desolation, the workers were massively dismissed, as they had nothing to feed their families. Partly received orders of small industries, for which in the remaining production premises, small quantities of products were sometimes collected. By 2011, the situation had become so exacerbated that the abandoned factory territory was already comparable in size to that of the All-Russian Exhibition Center.

1996-2011

In 1996, Dmitry Zelenin and Alexander Efanov became owners of the rapidly collapsing enterprise. I must say that they never saw themselves in such a position, but they could not pass by the shares of the plant, which in those years cost literally a penny.

First of all, they installed a normal security system, patched giant holes in the fences (even stolen machines were stolen), and also introduced new passes, since the old system had not actually worked for a long time. In the first month, thefts were prevented by about a million dollars. It seemed that things went well, again there were buyers of cars ZIL. Likhachev plant gradually acquired new customers even abroad.

A new failure

Alas, Luzhkov thought differently. Since the plant, which began to make a profit, became too tasty for "domestic businessmen", Efanov and Zelenin were quickly forced to sell a controlling stake. The enterprise was again transferred to the ownership of Moscow, which until then the dying auto giant was completely unnecessary.

Officially, millions of dollars were poured into production, the value of shares grew ... But things were getting worse and worse, the workers again did not receive wages for months. So business went up to 2010. By that time the plant was almost abandoned. Where nearly 40,000 people worked in 1939, 7,000 remained in the "age of democracy". In 2010, they collected 1258 (!) Trucks. The conveyor got up.

The only thing that saves the plant is that in large areas there are shops in which funds are actually invested, and therefore they produce something tangible. Money goes even from Japan.

2011

This year was remembered by the fact that Sobyanin came. He fired an incomprehensible who on account of the director, rejected proposals for the sale of the plant, began to pour money back into the enterprise. Will there be success? While nothing is known. However, on August 30, 2011, the production process was finally re-launched, more or less stable assembly of cars began. One should only hope that the Likhachev plant will overcome this crisis.

New trends

Taking into account the fact that the army is actively re-equipping the army today, the management of the enterprise has a considerable hope that state orders will be placed on its capacities. Given the history and the gradually reviving class of designers, they have every reason to do so. In any case, the government has repeatedly stated that it is by no means impossible to allow the final looting of the enterprise.

In particular, the company was finally approved in the status of the city-forming. This means that it will be supported regardless of economic justification. In such condition for today there is a factory ZIL. Company address - 115280, Moscow, ul. Avtozavodskaya, d.23.