Evidence of the origin of man from animals. A new theory of human origin

Evidence of the origin of man from animals unequivocally confirms the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin. The system of views on anthropogenesis, which began to form back in ancient times, over time has undergone significant changes.

Biology: the origin of man

Even Aristotle believed that the ancestors of the species Homo sapiens are animals. With this opinion, the scientist Galen agreed. Between humans and animals, they had monkeys. Their doctrine was continued by the well-known systematist Carl Linnaeus. He also singled out the corresponding genus with the only species "intelligent man". Jean Baptiste Lamarck suggested that it was an important factor in anthropogenesis. The most significant contribution to this teaching was made by Darwin, leading to undeniable evidence of the origin of man from animals.

Anthropogenesis occurred in several successive stages. These are the oldest, ancient and first modern people. And there is evidence that they coexisted with each other, actively competing. The oldest people did not build houses, but they knew how to make tools from stones and had rudiments of speech. The next generation is Neanderthals. They lived in groups, they knew how to make clothes from skins and tools from bones. Cro-Magnon - the first modern people, lived in self-constructed dwellings or caves. They have already learned how to make pottery, began to domesticate wild animals and grow plants. Evidence of such evolutionary transformations is the results of paleontological excavations, similarities in embryology, anatomy and morphology of humans and animals.

Findings of paleontologists

Scientists have long been interested in this topic. The origin of man from animals first of all prove their fossil remains, found by paleontologists. Among them there are species similar to modern ones, and their transitional forms. For example, Archeopteryx is a lizard. For humans, this is avtralo-and diopithecines. In general, fossil finds indicate that the organic world has become more complex over time. The result of this development is modern man.

Evidence of biogeography

The fact that a man has descended from a monkey is also evidenced by scientific evidence, which studies the distribution of plant cover and animals on the Earth. It is called biogeography. Scientists have established a certain pattern: on isolated territories of the planet live species that are very different from others and are found only within a certain range. The process of their evolution seems to be suspended. Such species are called relict. Examples include the platypus in Australia, a hatteria in New Zealand, two-lobed ginkgo in China and Japan. Anthropogenesis also has this form. This is one of the most interesting mysteries of nature - a snowman.

Similarity of embryonic development

Evidence of the origin of man from animals is also brought about by embryology. They are based primarily on the fact that different species have similar features of embryonic development. Thus, embryos of all chordates are similar in anatomical and morphological structure. They have a chord, a neural tube and gill slits in the pharynx. And already in the process of development, each of them acquires individual characteristics. In humans, the neural tube is transformed into the dorsal and brain, the chord into the parts of the skeleton, and the gill slits overgrow, allowing the lung to develop.

Comparative-anatomical evidence

Features of the internal structure of organisms are also studied by biology. The origin of man from animals proves the commonality of the common features of the structure of man and animals. Some organs are homologous. They have a common structure, but they perform different functions. For example, these are the forelimbs of the bird, the fins of the seals and the hands of man. The person has also rudimentary, underdeveloped organs, which in the course of evolution have lost their functional significance. These are the wisdom teeth, the coccygeal bones, the third eyelid, the muscles that move the ears and move the hair. If violations occur in the process of embryonic development, these organs can develop sufficiently. Such phenomena are called atavisms. Their examples are multifaceted, the appearance of a continuous hairline, underdevelopment of the cerebral cortex, the appearance of the tail.

The similarity of karyotypes

Genetics also indicates that a person has descended from a monkey. First of all, this is a diploid set of chromosomes. In apes it is 48, and in representatives of the species Homo sapiens - 46. These are indisputable proofs of the origin of man from animals. And the 13th pair of their chromosomes is similar. In addition, the similarity of the sequence of amino acids in the protein molecules of humans and chimpanzees reaches 99%.

Step to evolution

Charles Darwin formulated the biological and social factors of human evolution . The first group includes the struggle for existence, natural selection and hereditary variability. On their basis, social factors develop - the ability to work, the social way of life, meaningful speech and abstract thinking. So Charles Darwin thought.

At the same time, modern man has acquired such features, thanks to which he reached the apex of evolution. This increase in the cerebral and decrease in the facial part of the skull, the thorax, flattened in the dorsal-ventral direction. The thumb of a man's hand is opposed to the rest, which is related to the ability to work. An important change was the uprightness. Therefore, the spine has four smooth bends, and the foot is vaulted. This provides amortization while driving. The pelvic bones took the form of a bowl, as it experiences the pressure of all internal organs. In connection with the appearance of speech in the larynx develop cartilage and ligaments.

There is also a new theory of the origin of man. According to her, man came from the monkey of the Miocene. Its peculiarity is that before it appeared on the earth it lived for several million years in the water. Evidence of this theory is the ability of a person to hold his breath for a long time, and when inhaled, stay on the surface of the water. Recently, childbirth in the water has become very popular. Supporters of this method believe that the child is much more comfortable in the conditions in which he was during pregnancy.

In the world there is a lot of supporters and opponents of the theory of the origin of man from animals. However, the evidence of this system of views on anthropogenesis is quite plentiful and convincing.