Double consonants: the rules of writing and transfer. Spelling of words with doubled consonants

"The early spring came unexpectedly, silver streams ran along the loosened paths." Winged pilgrims from faraway lands returned, these feathered laborers tirelessly climb nests. "

The spring picture, conveyed by this text, makes us remember the rules for writing double consonants.

Double consonants in borrowed words

If the writing of doubled consonants in a word can not be checked, they are called double. These words are subject to memorization. As this rule requires, we remember the words with doubled consonants, listed below.

1. Some proper names: Alla, Anna, Vassa, Inessa, Ella, Rimma, Cyril, Sawa.

2. Borrowed words: terrace, ton, effect, tennis, repression, program, column, correspondent, assembly, alley, score, etc.

3. Some primordially Russian words: Russia, burns, buzzes, yeast, quarrel.

4. In all words that are crooked with the above.

Differences in words with different numbers of consonants

When in one words one consonant, and in others double consonants, the rules are:

1. If the root of words differs by the number of consonants, then it is most likely different words having different lexical meaning:

• Ton - a measure of weight, tone - case form of a word tone - a hue of sound or color;
• Cash - a device for storing money, touch - connection at any point;
• A score is an appraisal unit, a ball is an evening of rest with dances.

Sample sentences:

• The ship was already loaded with a ton of coal.
• Never had Igor heard such a pure tone.
• Today, the cashier does not work.
• The touch was weak.
• At the exam I got a high score.
• Natalia was invited to the ball.

2. There are cases when the number of identical letters does not affect the lexical meaning of the words: Alla - Alka, crystal - crystal, art - skilful, correspondent - junkor, column - column, finn - Finnish, ton - five-ton.

There are no doubled consonants

If you take, for example, the word "aluminum", then there is one letter "l" in it. Remember these words, in which there are no doubled consonants. Examples of words:

• apartments;
• balustrade;
• gallery;
• Humanist, humanistic;
• decibel;
• Dealer, dealer;
• Amateur, amateurish;
• Drama, dramatic, dramatic;
• Imitation, imitate;
• Corridor, corridor;
• Lilliputian;
• Producer, producer.

Word wrapping with double consonants

Usually words are translated by syllables: ma-shi-na. The rules for the transfer of doubled consonants are as follows:

• A part of the word with one consonant remains on one line, and part of the word with the second consonant is transferred to another: column-on, tone-on, Al-la, Ros-sia.
• Transfer words with doubled consonants to carry out whenever possible in a place where there is no doubled consonant: art, terra-sa, corresponodent.

Unfortunately, even adults sometimes make mistakes, well, or do not know how to correctly transfer such words. To embarrassment did not happen to you, let's discuss in which cases the transfer of words with doubled consonants is unacceptable. Examples:

• All-ee;
• terrace;
• art.

In addition, the rules for the transfer of doubled consonants prohibit the transfer of words with one vowel sound: class, score, burn.

At the junction of morphemes

When the end of the prefix and the beginning of the root, the end of the root and the beginning of the suffix or the suffix are the same letter, double consonants appear . The rules dictate the following:

• permanent;
• fearless;
• Selfless;
• toothless;
• lawless;
• To provoke;
• Razzyava;
• story;
• Furious;
• Rassosolivat;
• To dissect;
• Wither;
• be pinched with cold;
• Vestibule;
• To give;
• Poddet;
• Thaw;
• Outflow;
• To beat;
• enter,
• up;
• Entrusted;
• art;
• Russian;
• sailor;
• Novocherkassk;
• Picture;
• old;
• true;
• Cardboard;
• Cup holder;
• Window sill;
• The supporter;
• wanderer;
• The chosen one;
• pickpocket;
• Raspberry;
• Aspen tree.

Double consonants appear when the abbreviated bases are added:

• Head physician;
• Hospital.

In the suffixes of adjectives

In Russian, one of the most complex orthograms - one and two letters H in suffixes, which occurs in the words of different parts of speech. Consider spelling -n- and -nn- in adjectives. And help us in this table.

Double consonants. Adjective rules
H	NN
-in-: aspen, eagle, falcon; -an - (- yang-): linen, leather;	-on-: station, lecture; -en-: cranberry, straw;

From this rule, there are several exceptions: windy (windless), glass, tin, wooden.

It is especially worth mentioning words that are formed without a suffix:

• pork;
• mutton;
• young;
• scarlet;
• blue;
• green.

In the suffixes of the sacraments

To correctly apply the rule, words with doubled consonants-participles need to be distinguished from adjectives. They are formed from verbs:

• Proceed - well-groomed;
• To paint - painted;
• Write - written;
• Expel - expelled;
• Wish-desired;
• Buy - bought;
• Eradicate - eradicated;
• Elect - elected;
• Red-hot;
• Fry - toasted;
• Wake up - awakened;
• Demarcate - demarcated;
• Print out - printed out;
• To draw - drawn;
• Interrogated - interviewed;
• To grasp - grasped.

Spelling of doubled consonants. Rule for participles with one letter H
Rule	Examples
In short participles	All tasks are completed.
In participles of imperfect type without dependent words and prefixes	The bench is painted.
Spelling of double consonants with two letters H
Rule	Examples
There are consoles	Staged tables.
There are dependent words	The bench, painted yesterday.

Words for memorization: unprecedented, unhappy, unexpected, unexpected, unread.

In the suffixes of adverbs

In words-adverbs, the same number H is written as in the producing word. This is the simplest rule. Words with doubled consonants with this orthogram exist in Russian along with those that are written with a single letter:

• Sincere - sincerely;
• Unintentional - accidentally;
• Beautiful - beautiful;
• Interesting - interesting.

Test

Now that the topic "Dual consonants" has been studied, the rules are familiar and understandable, you can check how high the level of mastering the training material.

1. What word is spelled wrong?

A. Ball. B. Group. B. Class. G. Alley. D. Gallery.

2. What answer to the question: "How to transfer the word?" Will be correct?

A. You need to leave both letters on the line.

B. One letter to leave on the line, and the other to transfer.

B. Both letters should be transferred to the next line.

3. Answer: is it possible to check double consonants?

A. Be sure to check.

B. No, you need to remember.

4. In which word is not a double, but a double consonant?

A. Saturday. B. The telegram. В. The story. G. Hockey.

5. In which word do they write LJ? Write it _____________________

• Bleaching fluid;
• Stoop ... it was iron;
• To pass through the bridge;
• Annoying and ... zhoga;
• To ... hold the trap;
• P..mother mother;
• You are a ... land;
• A well-known horse;
• Seeing a child.

6. One or two letters are omitted in brackets:

Beech a (l / l) ee, television (n / n) ante (n / nn) a, dr (m / mm) aatic co (l / lll), friendly to (l / lll) active, interesting pie (C / cc) a, capture (n / n) th te (p / pp) of the ending, (c / cc) deal with friends, old draws (w / ff) and show gu (m / mm) anism, crystals (L / lll) honest honesty, lodge a (n / nn) e (n / l) tation, alloy a (n / ll) yuminia, inventive suit (c / cc), and (k / kk) Int (n / ll) to talk, go to the opera (t / tm) y, ma (c / cc) on the bed, take a great interest in ba (l / lll), but (p / pn) pie, art (n / Nth hectare (l / l) of the country.

Assignments in GIA format

1. In which sentences are words written with doubled consonants?

• The snow is already over.
• Shores on ... are stuck in the spring.
• The sun is ... pitifully eats snow.
• Rays b ... sorry yellowed fields burn.
• Brooks and ... sobs.
• Travelers walked along the road ... holding each other.
• All around the fire.

2. In what sentences are there words with two letters H?

• It is a pleasure to go with a full bucket on the barely visible path to the hut.
• He liked everything here and was delighted with how big drops splashed, breaking off from the leaves of the trees, like a pacifier ... the fire was cracking and the forest land was smelling faintly.
• Grandmother collected herbs: St. John's wort, plantain, fern, and always told me about their healing sacraments ... properties.
• His sunburned face was worn ... about deep wrinkles.
• The landlord spoke extraordinary ... about gently, talking to pigeons.
• We approach the house and see that the gate is open: it claps from the wind, and the shchekoloda is torn off ... a.
• The next day the wicket was painted ... but, the hinge of her grease ... s.
• In the park at the very entrance of the tree ... the bench is standing.
• Near the bench were new pillars of dig.
• Waves lazily crawled on the sand and slowly ... crawled away, leaving behind a white foam edge.
• The dog stood and looked out into the sea, numb, with a drooping tail.
• Grandma was sitting at the table, she was silent and slow ... about chewing bread.
• The dog was huge, with a big head and lions ... paws.
• On it were faded, incredibly wide canvas ... pants.
• The posters were spread out ... s throughout the city.
• Everyone left, and only the feeble faces of the lackeys flashed through the corridors.
• In the center of the room was a table covered with a cloth woven with a gold tablecloth.

3. Select the proposals in which the figures are correctly indicated, in the place of which the NN is omitted.

• There are a lot of vases with flowers and a scrap (2) on the table, and a bunch of twigs, so that the dishes stand as if in a sacrament (3) oh more often. (3)
• At the end of the nineteenth century, a thermometer was added (1) filled. For such a muddle (2) the name of the device used to measure temperature in a small interval. (13)
• On a hot day, I was sitting at the wooden (1) berth and ate ice (2) with a jerky (3) nuts. (1)
• On the table is a dilute (1) s peaches, cooked (2) for compote, not yet cleaner .. ee. (2)
• The glazed doors (1) were loosened (2) s, and stood (3) their bell rang with the chime of the chandelier. (13)
• At the end of the length of the corridor (1), there was a fence (2) and a closet serving guests (3) by the church. (1)

Answers

1. What word is spelled wrong?

D. Gallery.

2. What answer to the question: "How to transfer the word?" Will be correct?

B. One letter to leave on the line, and the other to transfer.

3. Answer: is it possible to check double consonants?

B. No, you need to remember.

4. In which word is not a double, but a double consonant?

В. The story.

5. In which word do they write LJ? Write it: scorched.

6. One or two letters are omitted in brackets:

A beech alley, a television antenna, a dramatic collision, an art gallery, a friendly team, an interesting play, a seized territory, quarrel with friends, old yeast, show humanism, crystal honesty, appeal, aluminum alloy, inventive art, neatly decompose, intelligently talk, On the operetta, Masonic lodge, fond of fiction, appetizing patty.

Assignments in GIA format

1. In which sentences are words written with doubled consonants?

• The streams had dried up.
• Travelers walked along the road, supporting each other.
• Everyone sat around the fire.

2. In what sentences are there words with two letters H?

• It is a pleasure to go with a full bucket on the barely visible trail to the hut.
• He liked everything here and was enthralled: how the large drops splashed, breaking off the leaves of the trees, how the bonfire cracked peacefully and the woodland smelled breathlessly.
• Grandmother collected herbs: St. John's wort, plantain, fern, and always told me about their healing mysterious properties.
• The owner spoke extremely gently, talking with pigeons.
• In the park at the entrance there is a wooden bench.
• The waves lazily crawled onto the sand and slowly crawled away, leaving a white foam edge behind them.
• The dog stood and looked out into the distance of the sea, numb, with its tail lowered.
• Grandmother sat at the table, she was silent and slowly chewed the bread.

The answers to the third task are given in the text itself, in parentheses.