Diverticulum of the intestine

Diverticulum of the intestine (limited protrusion of its wall) can be false (consisting only of submucosal and mucous layer) and true (consisting of all layers).

False protrusion refers to the abnormality of the development of the organ and is formed in areas where there are no muscle fibers in some places of its walls. The true diverticulum of the intestine is a consequence of the pathological process, which leads to the development of cords in separate parts of the organ. True protrusion can also result from increased pressure within the body.

The formation of protrusions can result from pancreatitis, peptic ulcer disease, cholecystitis, inflammation, peritonitis, organ trauma, and infarction.

Diverticulum of the intestine in its thin section can be observed throughout its extent, but it is most often detected in the area of the duodenum. Diagnosis is performed by X-ray method. Treatment of the disease is similar to therapy in inflammatory intestinal processes. The development of complications (abscess and perforation) necessitates surgical intervention. The operation is prescribed for large and poorly emptying protrusions.

Diverticulum of the intestine in its thick section can spread to the entire area of the department or to a large part of it, and as a rule, the lesion is first observed in the sigmoid colon, and then in the descending one. Localization in distal areas, as a rule, is characterized by multiple protrusions.

Flowing asymptomatically multiple protrusions cause sigmoid colon diverticulitis. Inflammatory processes can lead to the manifestation of pathological symptoms. These include the departure of blood and mucus, pain of an uncertain nature. Bleeding can be dramatic and significant. Especially severe cases are characterized by narrowing of the intestine, perforation into the bladder or abdominal cavity, the formation of an abscess. In this case, there may be significant painful sensations of an acute nature, accompanied by irritation of the peritoneum.

The method of fibrocolonoscopy is of great diagnostic importance. In this case, the diagnosis is differentiated with oncology in the large intestine. Combined defeat with multiple protrusions and Crohn's disease is characterized by changes in the mucosa and fissures of the anus.

Treatment is not prescribed in cases of asymptomatic course of the disease. In case of inflammation, a special diet is prescribed. The diet should contain well-boiled fruits and vegetables. To eliminate spasms, Vaseline oil or barium sulfate is recommended . For constipation, which occurred against the background of multiple lesions, also prescribed Vaseline oil. In the presence of pain, preparations of belladonna, atropine, sedatives are recommended (depending on the indications). Some cases suggest the use of anti-inflammatory drugs (sulfonamides, antibiotics). In particularly severe cases, surgery is prescribed to prevent perforation, development of obstruction and fistula.

The protrusion of the wall can also be observed in the bladder. Defeat occurs due to improper formation of the wall of the organ. The diverticulum of the bladder can form on the site of the lateral walls or ureteral orifices. Congenital protrusion communicates with the cavity of the organ through a narrow channel. The wall of the lesion has the same structure as the wall of the bladder. The size of the lesion may exceed the size of the organ.

As practice shows, most cases are asymptomatic. The presence of lesions is detected accidentally with cystography or cystoscopy. In some cases, the disease is diagnosed with infection of the bladder.