Diplomatic body: composition, functions, privileges

– это совокупность сотрудников, аккредитованных в иностранном государстве. Diplomatic corps is a set of employees accredited in a foreign country. Their quantitative composition depends on the nature of relations between countries. Let us consider in detail what the diplomatic corps is.

General information

" можно рассматривать в узком и широком смысле. The concept of " diplomatic corps " can be viewed in a narrow and broad sense. In the first case, we mean the aggregate of a limited number of employees. , временные и постоянные поверенные в делах, посланники и послы. In particular, the heads of diplomatic missions , temporary and permanent attorneys, envoys and ambassadors are implied. In a broad sense, this association includes not only immediate employees, but also their relatives. включены не только послы, поверенные, но и прочие работники, в том числе обеспечивающие их деятельность. At the same time, not only ambassadors, attorneys, but also other employees, including those providing their activities, are included in the diplomatic staff . For example, the latter include naval and air attachés, their assistants, cultural specialists, scientific and technical cooperation, agriculture, and so on. As for relatives, there are some nuances here. включаются мужья и жены, сыновья до 18 лет и дочери, не состоящие в браке, вне зависимости от возраста. The diplomatic corps includes husbands and wives, sons under 18 and daughters who are not married, regardless of age.

Specific Status

The diplomatic corps is not a political organization or a legal entity. This association provides a solution to a variety of ceremonial and protocol issues. The task of the corps is to receive timely information about the internal political life of the receiving state, maintain contacts in official circles, as well as relations between missions. There are no international norms defining its status, regulating functions and powers.

High office

The corps is headed by a doyen, or foreman. He does not have the authority to give orders to other employees. However, at all times this post was considered very honorable. The chief of the diplomatic mission is the head of the diplomatic mission, who takes up duties before colleagues. At the same time, only a certain employee is assigned to this post. This should be a diplomatic representative of the highest class - the papal nuncio or ambassador.

Features of powers

Periodically, the doyen conducts consultative meetings on various issues with the heads of diplomatic missions. They can be ceremonial or protocol. The meetings are informal and usually organized during lunch or breakfast. Often the foreman speaks on behalf of the corps on the occasion of the celebrations in the host country, expresses condolences or congratulations to officials. He also has the right to take measures to protect the interests of the mission as a whole or of its individual members if it detects infringement of privileges or immunities. However, the doyen can not make demarches or make political statements on behalf of the corps, nor on his behalf. Otherwise, any member of the mission can express disapproval of such actions as not responding to the position of the represented state.

Positions

The embassy is attended by service and administrative-technical workers. . It should be noted that not all employees act as foreign diplomats . The relevant positions were established in the framework of established international practice. In addition to the ambassador and adviser, following him in decreasing precedence, there are posts:

1. Senior Advisor.
2. Advisor.
3. The first, second, third secretary.
4. Attache.
5. Secretary-Referent.

The latter does not have a diplomatic passport, but is endowed with immunity. From this post, many young employees of the Foreign Ministry begin their careers. It is worth saying that in many countries this post is not available at all. Meanwhile, during Soviet times, lower posts were also provided - the duty referent, the referent-interpreter. Today they are canceled. For translation, as a rule, one of the younger employees is attracted.

Diplomatic rank

It is a classy rank. It is assigned to persons who hold posts in diplomatic representations, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, consular offices. Diplomatic ranks are provided in most states. However, today there are countries where the same system of officials applies to the staff of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, consulates and diplomatic missions, as well as to employees of other state structures. не обязательно совпадает с должностью. Diplomatic rank does not necessarily coincide with the position.

Nuances

In any representation there is a large number of technical, support personnel. It includes, in particular, highly skilled workers, security guards, employees of the economic unit, cooks, drivers and so on. In addition to them, there are people in the embassies who provide the transfer of encrypted data. Thus, diplomats (employees with diplomas) have not more than a third of all employees.

Diplomatic numbers of cars

The registration signs of the diplomatic missions are carried out according to certain rules. They have a red background, on which white symbols are applied. The basic information is contained in the first three digits, as well as the next letter (s). The code indicates that it belongs to a specific state. The alphabetic prefix is interpreted as follows:

1. CD - vehicle is registered with the ambassador or other person having the rank of head of the diplomatic mission.
2. D - the sign is issued on the TS, which belongs to the consular establishment, the mission, the international organization or its employee. At the same time, the employee has a diplomatic status.
3. T - the vehicle belongs to the employee of diplomatic mission, international organization, consular office, performing administrative and technical tasks.

Privileges and Immunities

предполагает ряд специальных прав и преимуществ. The diplomatic service assumes a number of special rights and advantages. They are provided to the diplomatic mission in general, the head and the staff. Privileges and immunities were formed on the basis of customs in the course of the development of international relations. предполагает также большую ответственность сотрудников. Diplomatic service also assumes a great responsibility of employees. Interaction with their government is carried out through diplomatic couriers and encrypted dispatches. The post office of the diplomatic mission is not subject to detention and autopsy.

If the relations between the countries are broken, the ambassadors are temporarily recalled, the host state must ensure the security of the embassy premises together with the archives and property. З

The diplomatic missions in which the consulates, embassies, diplomatic representations are located are the property of the state from which they work. The premises are inviolable for the authorities of the host country. The Vienna Convention allows the use of symbols on buildings. It is allowed to raise the flag on holidays and other days established in the Regulations on the work of the diplomatic mission.

In addition to the general privileges are provided and personal. Diplomats are inviolable. They can not be detained or arrested. In the host country, diplomats are immune from administrative and criminal responsibility. However, this does not exempt them from the jurisdiction of their state. Accordingly, at home, a person who has committed an offense during diplomatic work may be prosecuted under domestic law. Privileges and immunities also apply to relatives of diplomatic representatives.

Additionally

Some privileges with reservations apply to the attendants. It is worth saying that the benefits can not be abandoned at will. Privileges and immunities are necessary for effective implementation of the functions of diplomatic representations acting as bodies acting in the interests of their home state.