Diet in urolithiasis

The formation of stones in the kidneys and urinary tracts is a complex physicochemical process, the basis of which is the violation of colloidal equilibrium. There are many theories of the formation of kidney stones. Great in this role of exogenous and endogenous factors. Of exogenous factors, geographic and physiological living conditions are of particular importance - more often stones are formed in dry and hot climates. Of the endogenous factors, the most important are urealitic strains of bacteria, alkalinizing urine and precipitating crystals of phosphate, a change in the pH of urine.

By composition, the stones can be inorganic and organic. Inorganic make up to 80% of cases. They are formed from phosphates, urates and oxalates. The formation of a particular type of stone depends on the pH of urine and the prevalence of one or another type of food in the diet.

Diet in urolithiasis - the main method of treating the disease, which is combined with the use of medicinal products and mineral waters. The diet is prescribed in accordance with the chemical composition of the stones, the reaction of urine. In the absence of edema and hypertension, there is no reason to limit the content of table salt, as it does not participate in the formation of kidney stones.

Diet with urolithiasis with urate formation

With a sharply acid reaction of urine and the presence of crystals of uric acid and its salts - urate, it is recommended to limit the use of the liver, spleen, brain, kidneys and prefer milk-vegetable diet with sufficient water. Patients may consume boiled meat or fish 70-100 grams per day several times a week. From food, it is necessary to exclude or sharply limit sharp and smoked products, mustard, pepper, alcoholic beverages. With urolithiasis with uraturia, the juice obtained from two lemons with sugar is recommended

Diet in urolithiasis with the formation of phosphates

In case of phosphaturitic diathesis, on the contrary, milk-plant food is harmful and leads to relapse of urolithiasis. Patients are recommended protein and fat diet with sufficient vitamin A and D content - butter, fatty sea fish, bread with bran. It is useful to take a cowberry broth, an extract of a dogrose, carbonic mineral waters. With the development of renal insufficiency, the use of meat and meat products is limited in order to prevent the increase in azotemia, and preference is given to food containing many carbohydrates.

Diet with urolithiasis with the formation of oxalates

In oxalaturia, products containing little calcium and oxalic acid are recommended. From the diet exclude salad, spinach, rhubarb, legumes, gooseberries, kako, chocolate, limit the consumption of potatoes. It is recommended a mixed diet of meat and vegetable products containing proteins, fats and carbohydrates, poor in nucleoproteins. The ability to excrete oxalic acid from the body has many fruits and berries - apples, pears, quinces, cherries, dogrose, watermelons and melons. They are useful for consuming both fresh and in the form of compotes. Boiled meat and fish with oxaluria can be eaten every other day.

In addition to diet therapy, with urolithiasis, the use of medicinal plants gives a good therapeutic effect. Herbs with urolithiasis are used different, depending on the type of stones:

- with phosphates - parsley, cranberries, St. John's wort, bearberry, ayr, burdock;

- with urates - dill, strawberry, parsley, horsetail, birch;

- with oxalate - sporish, dill, strawberry, peppermint, corn stigmas.

Prevention of urolithiasis is the treatment of chronic kidney disease, the elimination of exogenous factors. The general principle of secondary prevention of urolithiasis is an increase in diuresis to 2.5-3 liters due to frequent drinking and the use of drugs Kanefron, Urolesan, Tsistenal, Rovatinex and others.