Diesel engine D-160: device, specifications

The famous Soviet bulldozers T-130 and T-170, as well as the caterpillar tractor of the Russian production of the B-10 were not and half as demanded and effective, if not installed in their design engine D-160.

This diesel power plant has overtaken its time, and already more than 30 years is an integral component of some of the most powerful bulldozers. Unobtrusiveness, reliability and productivity - all this embodied the motor thanks to an effective design.

Basis of the basics

The basis of the engine is a block of cylinders, coupled with a crank mechanism. The cylinder block is a monolithic cast-iron construction with plug-in steel sleeves. Its partitions, together with the front and rear walls, serve as a support for the distribution and crankshafts, as well as for the roller of the decompressor.

To control the condition of the main and connecting rod bearings in the right wall, there are inspection hatches. Here are hatches for fastening pushers. From below, the D-160 engine is closed by a crankcase with two drain holes. On top of the cylinder head is installed , a total of two cylinders.

The five-bearing forged crankshaft is made of steel, has counterweights and channels in the crankpins, which provides centrifugal oil cleaning. A flywheel with a ring gear is mounted on the flange of the shaft. The crown has straight teeth for motors with an electric starter, and skew for installations with a starting motor.

The piston is made of aluminum alloy, the combustion chamber is located in the bottom. The connecting rods are made of hot forging made of steel.

Structural features

To eliminate the vibrations produced by the D-160 engine when operating at a nominal speed of 1250 rpm, a balancing mechanism is installed. It is located on the lower plane of the block and is hidden by a crankcase. Lubrication of the bearings of this mechanism is centralized, but the teeth of its wheels are lubricated by oil mist, which is formed in the inner chamber of the motor.

Another design feature is the presence of a decompression mechanism. It opens the intake valves of the cylinder head during engine start-up, adjustment, or during an emergency stop. Thanks to his work, the crankshaft does not meet the resistance and scrolls freely. The valves are opened by the decompressor rods, which act on them by turning the mechanism roller.

Cooling system

The D-160 engine is equipped with a liquid closed cooling system with forced circulation of the coolant - water or antifreeze. It is provided by a centrifugal pump with an end seal. The radiator is represented by a tubular structure with a steam-air valve and cooling plates.

Two thermostatic valves are responsible for controlling the temperature of the engine. When the heating medium is heated to 70 ^° C, one of them triggers, covers a small circuit and causes the liquid to circulate through the radiator. This allows more efficient and quick cooling of the power plant.

Fuel system

The fuel system is a tank, fuel pump, filter system and injectors. Fuel, before getting into the diesel engine D-160, passes through a system of 3 filters:

• The first is installed in the filler neck of the fuel pre-cleaning tank;
• The second, intended for rough cleaning, is mounted before the pumping pump;
• The third, necessary for fine cleaning of fuel, is installed just before the injection pump.

The additional booster pump acts as an intermediate link between the tank and the injection pump. It also serves to remove air from the mains and create pressure in the system in engines with electro-flare devices.

Features of the fuel system

A screw is installed in the cover of the corrector of the fuel pump of high pressure, which limits the power of the power plant during the running-in of the equipment. The nozzles are fixed in the head of each cylinder with folding levers.

Attention deserves an electro-flare mechanism, installed in the engine D-160. The device of the EFU is a pin plug and a solenoid valve attached to it. The fuel evaporates directly in the candle, after which the fuel vapor is mixed with air and detonation from the heated spiral of the candle. The resulting flame of the flame heals the incoming air to the cylinders, thereby facilitating the engine start-up.

Air supply system and grease

The air is supplied by an air cleaner consisting of 12 direct-flow cyclones and a 8.5-C turbocharger. The latter works by exhaust gases. They unwind the radial centripetal turbine. During operation, no element of the system requires adjustment, but it is necessary to monitor the operation of the compressor. It is not recommended to disassemble the power supply mechanism by air.

The volume of the engine D-160 is about 14 liters, and its work directly depends on the lubrication system. Therefore, in the design of the presented power plant, it is combined - lubrication is carried out by means of a gear pump and sprinkler. Before applying engine oil to the system, it passes through a filter with replaceable paper elements. For ease of monitoring the filter resource on its side face there is an indicator of clogging of replaceable elements.

Before starting the engine, the oil pumping pump creates excessive pressure in the system, thereby facilitating the operation of the power plant.

Engine specifications

Thanks to the well-coordinated work of the nodes and mechanisms presented above, the D-160 engine operates almost without any problems and with minimal fuel consumption (for this class of cars). The technical characteristics of the power plant, which are at such a high level, also largely depend on the engine components.

Needless to say, the manufacturer is supplying several modifications of this engine to the market. Each unit is different only for its technical characteristics.

Engine D-160 is the brainchild of Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. Despite its venerable age, it can give odds to many modern power units. However, like any other motor, it periodically needs to be repaired.

Thanks to the high maintainability and availability of spare parts, maintenance problems do not arise. The only thing that causes concern is overhaul.

The second life of the engine

If during the operation there is a decrease in the compression of the cylinders, uneven idling, increased fuel consumption, as well as the appearance of strong vibration and extraneous noise, then know that your engine D-160 spare parts will not be saved. This requires major repairs.

Capital recovery is an inevitable stage in the life of each power plant. It is important that it is carried out thoroughly. The price of the new power plant is at the level of 240 thousand rubles, in view of which overhaul is a more favorable alternative. During repair operations replacement is desirable:

• Piston group;
• Root and connecting-rod inserts;
• Inlet and exhaust valves of the cylinder head;
• Connecting rods;
• Oil pump;
• Gaskets and rubber components.

During the restoration work, it is also necessary to check the operation of the fuel system. The most vulnerable elements are injectors and plunger pairs of a high-pressure fuel pump. In addition, the starting engine is subject to verification. In some cases, it can not be restored. Then there is only one way out - a complete replacement of the mechanism.

The presented characteristics of the D-160 engine are not able to fully describe its functional and technical features. Due to its work, in combination with a powerful transmission unit, its tractors operating in the 6th and 10th traction class are highly efficient and economical representatives of tracked vehicles.