Decidual tissue: definition, indicators and characteristics

Maternal, or decidual, tissue is between the embryo and the uterus, it is necessary for the implantation of the fetal egg, the development of the fetus, the birth of a healthy child.

Conception

A mature female sex cell is capable of giving birth to a new life. The egg, surrounded by millions of spermatozoa in the fallopian tube, admits only one to itself, merges with it into one whole. The first 24 hours the fertilized egg is the most viable, the impact of damaging environmental factors carries without negative consequences. This is due to the high ability to regenerate.

By the 4-5th day from the moment of fertilization, this nucleus, after going a long way, gets into the uterus cavity. By this time, the fertilized egg has already shared many times, has acquired new capabilities, necessary functions.

The egg secretes a special enzyme that is able to dissolve the endometrium - the membrane lining the uterine cavity. After the fertilized egg has chosen a place, it has dissolved the endometrial site in it, freed itself a place for life, it is introduced into the uterine cavity. This lasts about 2 days. The hole above the implantation site is overgrown, forming a kind of roof for her home. Then the moment the process of fertilization ends.

The mucous secretes the secret necessary for feeding the embryo, royal jelly.

The initial stages of fetal development are characterized by the appearance of three membranes, the amniotic fluid surrounding it, protecting it and feeding it.

Shells of the fetal egg:

• Decidual tissue;

• Hairy;

• Water.

Functions of the decidua

By the time of the arrival of the fetal egg, the endometrium turns into a decidual envelope, providing the conditions necessary for the life of the embryo. Development of the fetal egg and transformation of the endometrium should go simultaneously, otherwise implantation will not occur, pregnancy will be interrupted in the early stages.

The falling shell is the mother part of the placenta, which explains its functions:

1. Nutrition, because it contains glycogen, lipids, mucopolysaccharides, salts, trace elements, enzymes, immunoglobulins.

1. Protection, as it takes on all the pathogens, toxins, harmful substances.

1. Development, since after all the nutrients are consumed, it begins itself to synthesize carbohydrates, fats, proteins, hormones.

1. Immune and endocrine functions.

Possible violations in the structure of the shell

There are numerous territorial and regional programs for monitoring, treating pregnant women, parturient women, newborns. The requirement of the programs is the investigation of the afterbirth, regardless of the period of pregnancy, the way in which the delivery was performed. Decidual tissue is scrubbed.

The purpose of this study is:

• Recognition and accounting of existing risk factors for the onset of the disease during pregnancy;

• Timely prevention of neonatal diseases;

• Treatment, prevention of complications of pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum period;

• Assessment of quality, timeliness of dispensary registration of pregnant women;

• Identification of the causes of infant mortality;

• The disclosure of the causes of intrauterine fetal death.

All examination is done urgently, using differentiated diagnostic methods. Interpretation of the results is done relative to the mother and the child.

Decidual tissue can be with the following changes:

• Hemorrhage;

• Necrosis;

• Break;

• Inflammation;

• Thickening.

All the information received is recorded in the medical documentation of a woman and a newborn, the history of pregnancy, childbirth, illness, outpatient cards, are taken into account during out-patient dispensary registration.

Necrosis

Necrosis is the destruction of local tissue that develops on the site of inflammation when the blood supply of tissue is stopped and the effects of microorganisms and products of their vital activity. In this case, the immune, endocrine, secretory function of the membrane is disrupted, decidual tissue begins to disintegrate and is rejected.

Hyalinosis

Hyalinosis is a kind of degeneration and compaction of tissue, in which it becomes similar to cartilage. The cause of the development of the hyalinosis of decidual tissue has not yet been fully studied. But it leads to intense bleeding, premature birth, stillbirth.

Inflammation

Disturbance of blood supply, increase of vascular permeability, edema, excessive formation of cells of the altered site characterizes inflammation. The place of inflammation rushes a large number of blood cells, appears decidual tissue with leukocyte infiltration, which first has an adaptive character. But with the progress of the process, the tissue becomes saturated with a huge amount of white blood cells, pus appears. Even after successful treatment of the purulent process, spikes are inevitably formed, which can lead to infertility. This is how dangerous is the decidual tissue with inflammation.

The reasons for this may be: endometritis, inflammation of the amniotic fluid, when the infection spreads by the contact route. It is accompanied by hemorrhages, which can lead to abortion on the period of about 3 months of pregnancy. Decidual endometritis manifests itself in abundant leucorrhoea in the first months after conception. With the progression of the process develops late miscarriage, increment, premature detachment of the placenta, involution of the uterus.

Hemorrhage

There is a decidual tissue with hemorrhages. This develops in the process of the outflow of blood beyond the vessel with increased permeability of the wall, melting it with pus or destruction by the pathological process. Observed with spontaneous abortion , tubal pregnancy, chorion carcinoma.

Gap

Sometimes a rupture occurs and only fragments of decidual tissue remain. Premature rupture of the membranes leads to a long anhydrous period, accompanied by an increased risk of infection, bleeding. It develops with infections, blood diseases, diabetes, the presence of a large number of abortions during previous pregnancies.

The envelope can increase in volume in the presence of inflammation, degeneration, the threat of termination of pregnancy.

The causes of changes in the decidua

• Genetic pathology of the fetus.

• Inflammatory processes of the uterus.

• Disturbance of blood circulation.

• Infections.

• Hemolytic disease.

• Extragenital pathology: diabetes, heart defects, blood diseases, thyroid gland, nervous system.

To prevent the threat of termination of pregnancy, it is necessary that it is desired. We must prepare, plan ahead, lead a healthy lifestyle, exclude the use of alcohol and tobacco, cure all somatic and infectious-inflammatory diseases.

Before planning pregnancy, it is necessary to pass blood and urine tests (for clotting of blood, hormones), to find out the blood group of the mother, to be examined for hidden infections. The blood group, Rh factor and examination for hidden infections are passed by both parents. To the list of necessary blood tests for infection include: toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes.

In case of pregnancy, it is advisable to register with a woman's consultation as soon as possible, regularly visit a doctor, follow all his recommendations, take the prescribed tests on time.