Convention defining the rights and obligations of the child: the main provisions

The question of the need to document the rights and duties of the child has arisen relatively recently. Society only in the twentieth century realized the importance of combating the exploitation of child labor, child slavery, the prostitution of minors and trafficking in children. Finally, in 1924, a document was adopted that most fully covered the existing problems. Prior to this, the rights and duties of the child were considered only from a general perspective.

Work performed

In 1924, the League of Nations adopted a declaration on "childish" problems.

In 1946, the UNICEF Foundation was established, based on the mechanism for helping children around the world.

1959 was marked by the adoption of the Declaration of the Rights of Children, which reflected the basic rights and duties of the child of any country.

However, the Declaration did not describe the effective mechanisms for protecting the rights of the world's children. Therefore, it became necessary to develop a new document - the Convention on the Rights of the Child. On November 20, in 1989, the UN adopted it.

Basic Provisions

Rights and responsibilities of the child arise immediately after his birth, but their implementation becomes possible only as he grows up. Every year the child's ability to use his rights and fulfill his duties grows. And by the age of 18 he becomes a fully capable member of society. At what age and what is the child entitled to do and what kind of responsibility can it bear?

From birth, the child has the right: to citizenship, to the last name, first name and patronymic, to the family, to know their parents, to raise, care for and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parents (in the absence of their parents' responsibility for the upbringing of children are entrusted to Persons substituting for them), for comprehensive development, for respect, for expressing one's opinion in resolving issues relating to his interests, and for contacting the guardianship authorities.

In a year and a half the child has the right to visit a nursery, and in three years - a kindergarten.

In six years a citizen has the right to attend school, make small transactions at the household level, and also agree on the disposal of personal money with his parents. The duties of a guardian are to completely replace parents in the absence of a guardian.

At the age of eight, a child can already join children's social organizations.

A ten-year-old has the following rights:

• On their own opinion in solving any issues in the family;

• Consent to change their name or name, as well as to adopt or restore the parental rights of their parents;

• Decide with which of the parents he wants to live after the divorce, if they diverge;

• To witness at any court session.

At eleven years the child is already responsible for violating the rules of public order and can be placed in a special institution for re-education.

A fourteen-year-old can independently dispose of his earned money, has the right to change citizenship, go to court, with the consent of the parents to make various kinds of transactions, as well as make money contributions to financial organizations and dispose of them. A citizen at the age of 14 has the right to obtain a passport, in some cases to marry and find work for a simple job (up to 4 hours a day) with the consent of the parents. At this age, the teenager is criminally responsible for especially serious crimes, and may also be expelled from the institution for offenses.

At the age of 16 a citizen can be a member of a joint-stock company or a cooperative, can independently conclude an employment contract (on preferential terms) or engage in entrepreneurial activity (in which case he is declared fully capable), is criminally responsible for all types of crimes, has the right to marry.

At the age of eighteen, a person becomes a full-fledged citizen.