Regional target programs of Russia and their implementation

Federal and regional target programs are the most important direct regulators of economic processes occurring on the territory of the country. They are a coordinated, time-bound resource and executors, a set of design, research, production, organizational and business and other activities carried out with the support of the state.

Federal and regional target programs

For many decades, since the 1920s, the compilation of economic plans has been extended to the USSR. Together with them, integrated, including regional, targeted programs were developed. Currently, they provide solutions to problems in the scientific and technical, economic, socio-cultural, environmental spheres. Federal targeted regional development programs are aimed at implementing public-sector policy with the support of the state. Today they are quite common, and their number is constantly growing. Targeted programs of regional level differ sharply expressed territorial features, specificity of sources of information and composition of participants. Their role is to integrate individual, collective, state interests into the market economy, mobilize forces for large projects.

Specificity

Regional target programs are used as an instrument of direct impact of the state on the market economy within a particular territory. Such a management method acts as one of the most important means of influencing problematic areas: mastered, depressed. At the same time, Russia's regional targeted programs are successfully being implemented in relatively well-off territories. In both cases, a solution is provided for both current and future tasks. An example is the regional target programs of the Leningrad Region. At present, the attention of the authorities is drawn to improving the quality of life, the state of the economy of St. Petersburg. In particular, programs are being developed to create conditions for attracting labor resources to the city.

The essence of new projects

The target regional and municipal programs being developed today embody the complex of the "free market" and the "hard plan". Within the framework of projects, strict lines of economic activity are set. At the same time, stimulation and implementation of targeted programs are carried out on a commercial basis. Methods of attracting performers and ways of allocating resources are based on the principles of voluntariness, collective and individual interest. Material incentives are also important. Regional targeted programs prescribe the targeting and mandatory implementation of the planned activities by all participants. They are provided by economic contracts, combined with a set of economic incentives, rather than directive tasks, as it was before.

Problem selection

Preparing regional target programs, the developers solve a number of methodological problems. The main one concerns the choice of the problem. In modern conditions, the tasks of territorial and national economic development are changing quite quickly. At the same time, available financial and other resources are always limited. The following are the criteria for choosing the problem:

1. The importance of the issue for the national and territorial economy, the connection with structural changes, the strengthening of the efficiency of the economic system, the improvement of the quality of life of citizens, the provision of rational nature management and environmental safety, and so on.
2. Multidisciplinary and intersectoral nature of the problem, the presence of executors of decisions and the need to coordinate their work. In a nutshell, this criterion can be defined as the complexity and complexity of the issue.
3. Progressiveness and novelty of organizational, technical and other measures, supposed high performance.

Additional signs

The above criteria also include the difficulty or impossibility of solving the problem within a reasonable time with the use of a market mechanism and the need to attract government support. However, according to experts, this feature is controversial, since complex and pressing problems can be solved solely by software methods and with the participation of the authorities.

Definition of goals

This is a fairly important task. The clear target nature of the program is expressed in the strict orientation of each event and the use of any resource, as well as the activities of all participants. The main task is brought to specific targeted tasks. It is recommended to apply the graphoanalytical approach in the development. With its help, the goal is divided into tasks by levels. Their quantitative assessment is carried out using relative indicators of meeting the needs of the territory. Meanwhile, the reliability of this approach remains questionable.

In practice, when developing projects, it is rarely used. In addition, it is not always possible to determine the normative indicators in all cases. As an alternative, socio-economic indicators can be used. They indirectly express the levels of performance of various tasks. For example, regional targeted programs for preserving the health of the population as indicators can use the average duration of active professional activity, life and so on.

Efficiency mark

The effectiveness of the development and subsequent implementation of the program is expressed by specific final indicators. The analysis of the relationship between them and expenditures is reflected in the private and general values of economic, comparative and absolute efficiency (the volume of national income per person, the proportionality of consumption funds and savings, etc.). Particular indicators characterize the level of resource use: fund-, capital-, material-output and so on. If we take into account domestic and foreign practices, the specifics of adaptation to market conditions, depending on the type of program for analyzing its effectiveness, it is generally recommended to use different values. Among them: the size of specific investment, labor productivity, payback period, and so on. In the analysis, you can also use the production volumes of key products, the input of non-production facilities and production capacities into operation, the indicators of scientific and technological development, import and resource substitution.

Features of indicators

The importance of using different indicators in programs is obvious. But at the same time among them first of all there must be cross-cutting values. With their help, programs and outcomes are compared across the country as a whole. In addition, it is necessary to use macroeconomic indicators. For some programs, set-point systems may be required. In market conditions, quantitative assessments of the results of commercial activity become the most relevant.

Nuance

Meanwhile, macroeconomic analysis needs to reveal economic performance. The requirement of nationwide expediency should be observed when determining the entire system of indicators. For example, one should not limit the coefficient of capital turnover on developing territories, since this can lead to the creation of an industry structure that will not meet the specifics and needs of the regions, as well as the prospective interests of the state.

Specificity of activities

The regional program may include a set of measures to improve the economy and the social sphere. They include, for example, the satisfaction of needs in fuel and energy resources, the regulation of tariffs, the elimination of the consequences of a natural disaster, and so on. As a next stage, measures can be planned to stabilize the situation. Among them:

1. Reducing the fuel and energy deficit.
2. Overcoming stagnation in the specialization sectors.
3. Strengthening of new economic ties.
4. Formation of conditions for economic growth.

In the next stage, the economic complex can be revived. As part of this effort, efforts focus on issues of structural adjustment and sustainable development. Among the key activities may include:

1. Expansion of transport infrastructure.
2. A comprehensive solution to energy problems.
3. Expansion of the export potential of the territory.

Within all stages it is necessary to ensure:

1. Prevention of outflow of citizens.
2. Securing skilled workers. This is ensured by state assistance in the field of employment and social protection.
3. Conservation of nature and rational use of natural resources.

Conclusion

The implementation of regional targeted programs is of great practical importance for the population. In some cases, there is a need for a phased solution to the tasks of accelerated development, anticipating, adequate strengthening of infrastructure, improving the quality of life of citizens. In small areas, the range of problems can be limited, for example, to activities in the agro-industrial and construction sectors, the area of border facilities and social services. In any program, a separate section is devoted to financing issues. The means of budgets and extra-budgetary funds are used to carry out the activities. However, most of the financing is provided by private investors.

Complexes of activities included in programs are usually considered in several variants. For example, the development of a transport complex can be represented in the scenario of using the existing infrastructure and its active improvement. Meanwhile, according to some experts, currently there are too many programs. Many of them are subject to constant adjustment. At the same time, their goals and content are violated. There is also a funding problem that negatively affects the implementation of programs.