Exploitation of child labor: legislation, features and requirements

Recently, the exploitation of child labor has been widespread. This is one of the most frequently encountered problems of the modern world. Child labor is used not only in families and educational institutions, but also in large companies. A large number of scandalous situations are associated with this violation of the law. In this article you can find detailed information about the bill.

General information about the draft law

Every year, the exploitation of child labor is increasingly common. Article 32-36 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child establishes the responsibility of the State in protecting the rights of minors from unlawful coercion to work. The document, which contains three parts, was adopted on September 2, 1990. The Convention was finally formed several years ago.

Article 32 exempts children from any work that may adversely affect health or become an obstacle to education. According to it, the minimum age for employment is set at work.

In the summer of 1999, a new Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted. There appeared articles on the worst forms of exploitation of child labor. It focuses on the elimination of slavery, coercion for child participation in armed conflict, prostitution and drug trafficking. Countries that have ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child must protect minors from exploitation.

Throughout the world, illegal exploitation of child labor is observed. Article 127 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation provides for punishment for the kidnapping of a person and forcing him to work. However, there is no separate bill in which it would be spoken about the exploitation of child labor in the Criminal Code. However, in the near future the government plans to amend it.

A lot of bills have been created to resolve the problems with which the exploitation of child labor is linked. Article RF Labor Code contains information that a minor can voluntarily get a job, if this is not an obstacle to education. In this case, written permission from the parents will also be required. The minor must work in good conditions. He is also entitled to reduced working hours, benefits and leave. However, it is impossible to get a job before reaching the age of 15. This is prohibited by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

Child labor in school

The exploitation of child labor at school often goes unnoticed. Almost all general education institutions actively use it in the form of duty on the class, summer practice, etc. Is child labor in school considered illegal?

In Soviet times, child labor was welcomed in schools. He was one of the methods of patriotic education. In our time, the views on child labor have changed. A large number of bills have been created that help to protect the childhood of each child.

The most important condition for bringing a child to work in school is the permission of his parents. It must be in writing. If it is absent, then the child has no right to enforce any work in the school. If the exploitation of child labor in an educational institution occurs regularly without authorization, parents can write a complaint to the prosecutor's office or the district education department.

In the event that permission from parents for work is present, teachers should ensure that it is carried out in compliance with all generally accepted norms. Schoolchildren are prohibited from lifting heavy objects, washing windows and cleaning around the roadway.

Implementation of bills

The law of exploitation of child labor exists long enough. There are cases when the school authorities were held accountable for releasing the students from the lessons for the whole day in connection with the duty. For example, the Arkhangelsk region prosecutor's office examined and responded to a statement from the mother of a schoolchild in one of the educational institutions in Novodvinsk. Her son was forced to stand on duty during the lessons. The prosecutor's office saw a violation of the Law "On Education" in the actions of the head of the school. By his actions, the head of the institution deprives the student of the full amount of knowledge. Since then, the duties at the school have been canceled.

Statistics

Statistics on the exploitation of child labor are a shock to almost everyone. According to the International Labor Organization, there are around 168 million working minor citizens in the world. This is approximately 11% of the total child population. However, it is known that their number is decreasing. In 2000-2012 the number of working children decreased by 78 million.

In 2008, many specialists assumed that, because of the economic crisis, the exploitation of child labor will begin to gain momentum with renewed vigor. However, according to the International Labor Organization, the number of children working at that time did not increase. Specialists explain this by the fact that in countries where the problem of exploitation is most acute, the crisis has hardly affected.

The largest number of working children is observed in Asia and the Pacific. There, according to statistics, 77.7 million minors work. The exploitation of child labor is also present in Africa. Every fifth child illegally works there.

Operation of children in Russia

The problem of child labor is often found in the territory of the Russian Federation. On the streets of almost all cities of Russia you can see a working child. Most often they distribute advertisements or post ads. Adolescents say that they want to become financially independent of their parents. That's why they start working from the age of 12-13, undergoing illegal exploitation.

Annually on the territory of the Russian Federation, bills are created that protect the interests of minors. According to them, any teenager, whose age reached 16 years, should work in decent conditions. Otherwise, the employer will be punished by law.

In Russia and neighboring countries, parents often encourage the work of their children. They believe that in this way the child becomes more independent and begins to understand how hard it is to make money. Representatives of the International Labor Organization believe that the Russian mentality needs to be changed. The program coordinator Rimma Kalinchenko asserts that this problem should be discussed. She believes that only in this case it will be possible to change the opinion of citizens about child labor.

Large companies and child labor

This year, one of the world's human rights organizations made a presentation. It accused the three leading companies that specialize in the development of electronic equipment, namely Samsung, Apple, Sony. They were suspected of buying minerals, which are extracted through the exploitation of child labor. According to the report, the mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo employ children of seven years. They produce minerals, which are necessary for the creation of lithium-ion batteries.

Managers of companies buying up minerals say they do not accept the use of child labor. However, eyewitness accounts indicate the opposite. Specialists with the Human Rights Organization say that such work is dangerous to health. It is known that these mines have a high mortality rate. According to eyewitness testimony, over 80 minors were killed there over the past year alone.

According to the United Nations Children's Fund, mines in the DRC are mined by at least 40,000 children. Companies of global importance deny this fact. They claim that they do not purchase the goods so extracted.

Rights of a minor worker

Not every minor who wishes to get a job, knows about his rights. That's why adolescents often become easy money for unscrupulous employers. It is important that the student acquainted with them in advance.

The Russian legislation provides for the age at which a student can get a job. At 15, having permission from parents, a teenager can find employment. However, his work should not become an obstacle in obtaining the educational material in full. A working student should attend all lessons and do homework. At job placement, orphans, teenagers from families of unemployed citizens, as well as disadvantaged or large families have priority.

It should be noted that the employer can not dismiss a minor worker without the permission of the labor inspectorate. According to the bill, teenagers aged under 16 should not work more than 24 hours a week. Juveniles aged 16-18 can not work more than 36 hours a week.

Sexual Exploitation and Slavery

According to experts, every year in the world in illegal sexual business is about one million children. Some are forced to do this, and some are lured there by fraud. Every year, the demand for children is growing, as there is a misconception that such intimate relationships are less likely to lead to HIV infection. Such exploitation causes irreversible harm to the health of the child. Children are often sold into sexual slavery under the guise of a servant.

Article 34 of the Convention calls on States to protect children from sexual exploitation and slavery. Article 35 indicates that governments must take appropriate measures to prevent the abduction of minors.

World Day against the Exploitation of Child Labor

Worldwide, there is a struggle against the exploitation of child labor. Thanks to this, the number of working juveniles has significantly decreased. June 12 - World Day Against the Exploitation of Child Labor. It was adopted in 2002 by the International Labor Organization in order to draw public attention to the problem that is present in all countries.

Summing up

The exploitation of child labor is a problem that is encountered in all countries. It is most common in Africa and Asia. There is also a problem in the territory of the Russian Federation. In the near future, the government plans to amend the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, according to which violators exploiting the child will be responsible. To date, there are already several bills that are responsible for the preservation of childhood.