Composition of the foam block. Projects of single-storey houses from foam blocks. Production of foam blocks

Penoblok is a porous cellular material that has this structure due to air bubbles distributed throughout the volume. These products are the most affordable and easy among those that are offered today by the market and are intended for the construction of buildings and structures. Used penoblok also for heat, as well as sound insulation of walls.

If you also decided to use this material, you should know what the composition of the foam block is, and what technology it is made of.

Ingredient composition

In order to get a strong and high-quality foam block, it is necessary to adhere to state standards and production technology. The composition of the foam block contains the following ingredients:

• Portland cement;
• sand;
• Foaming agents;
• Additives.

As for Portland cement, it acts as an astringent. The brand used for baro-technology is M-500. If the basis of production is a classical technology, the following brands of Portland cement may be used:

• M500 D20.
• M400 D0.
• M400 D20.

The role of aggregate is sand, it can contain clayey impurities in the volume up to 3% and quartz - from 75% and higher. One of the components is water. Foaming agents are also used. They can be synthetic or protein. The former are used in barotechnology, while the latter are used in the classical method of production. Protein foaming agents, which are also called protein, are the best, because they make it possible to obtain high-quality foam that is not capable of harming a person's health.

Additional Ingredients

In order for the material to harden as quickly as possible, special additives are used. Depending on the technology, various lubricants of molds can be used. Getting acquainted with the composition of the foam block, you will learn that the foaming agents are made on the basis of bone glue, pine rosin, mezdev glue, caustic technical soda, scrubbing paste and other components.

Example of a foam block

For consumers it will be interesting to know what the approximate composition of foam concrete is for obtaining one cubic meter of material. Portland cement of the brand PC 500 D0 will serve as the basis. In order to obtain the M400 foam block, 300 kg of cement, 160 liters of water and 0.85 kg of foaming agent should be used. Sand in this case does not apply.

To produce foam concrete M-600, you should take 210 kg of sand, 330 kg of cement, 180 liters of water and a foaming agent of 1.1 kg. It is important to study the composition of the foam block if you are planning to receive M-800 material. In this case, 340 kg of sand, 400 kg of cement, 230 l of water and a foaming agent are used, the amount of which is 1.1 kg.

Manufacturing of foam blocks

The production of foam blocks requires compliance with technology. It involves the preparation of a solution of sand and cement, the closing of the foam composition and the formation of blocks. The following tools and materials will be needed for the work:

• concrete mixer;
• Foam generator;
• Shape or capacity;
• cement;
• Hardener or sand;
• Blowing agent.

At the first stage, water, cement and sand are prepared. It is necessary to follow the classical scheme of mixing the traditional solution. At the next stage, the foaming agent is gradually added. Some experts recommend using its synthetic variety or analog, which is prepared from joinery glue, rosin and sodium hydroxide.

For the addition, ingredients are mixed and heated. Such a mixture can be prepared only in the presence of a foam generator. The composition is combined with concrete, and then the foam blocks are formed. The production of a foam block assumes the use of fine sand, which does not have clay impurities. Water can be used tap, it should not contain acids and salts.

Features of solution for a foam block

For the production of foam blocks should use the factory concrete mixer, as self-made devices are not always able to help achieve the desired result. For the manufacture of molds plywood is suitable, while it is important to observe the dimensions. In order to accelerate the solidification of the formulation, the appropriate substances should be used. Among them, calcium chloride is especially popular. It is added to the mixture of foam and concrete. The volume of this substance is approximately 2% of the total mass.

The composition is distributed according to the forms, and the finished products are laid out on pallets to go to the construction site. The technique of mixing the solution provides filling of river sand and cement in a concrete mixer, gradually adding water and a foaming agent to the composition. The mixture is well mixed, a hardener is added to it. After 2 minutes, the solution will be ready for molding. Before you start to form products, you should prepare containers. Forms are cleaned of debris or mixture, and then the internal walls are treated with a special formulation without oils. If you apply grease, the finished block can be easily removed from the mold. For these purposes, the containers are internally covered with polyethylene. Products can also be manufactured by cutting.

Dimensions and density of the foam block

What do foam blocks, you already know. However, it is important to know more about other parameters, for example, density. The last characteristic affects the purpose. If the material refers to a density within the M1000-M1200, then it is structural. The structural and thermal insulation blocks have a density from M500 to M900. As for heat-insulating products, their density is equal to M300-M500.

By the manufacturing method, the blocks described can be divided into molded and cut. The latter allow you to get individual products from a single array of foam concrete. Form foam blocks are poured into molds with partitions. Penoblok 600h300h200 mm is standard, and its weight varies from 11 to 19 kg, which is true for heat-insulating products. For structural foam blocks, the mass ranges from 39 to 47 kg.

Projects of houses

Penoblocks, whose sizes and prices are mentioned in the article and should be known to the consumer, quite often form the basis of single-storey houses. Before drawing up the project, you will need to determine only the bearing walls. Usually this is the central and external walls, which is true for the case when the house is not more than 6 m. All other partitions can be adjusted according to their wishes.

If the width of the house is quite impressive and exceeds 12 m, it is worthwhile to think about the location of load-bearing structures, because with this width the roof will have a significant mass, which will cause increased pressure on the outer bearing walls. Specialists in this case recommend to consider projects with an attic or to make houses less wide.

When designing projects of single-storey houses from foam blocks, it is necessary to remember that bearing walls should be located on the foundation. Just on the floor usually install partitions, because they do not carry a special load. In this case, you will ensure the stability of the walls. As an example, you can consider a house that will have three living rooms, one common corridor and a bathroom. One of the small rooms has an area of 8 m ² , a large bedroom area accommodates 9.1 m ² . As for the living room, its area can be 11.1 m ² . The total corridor is located on an area of 5.2 m ² . The bathroom can be located in the corner part of the house, it will have an area of 7 m ² .

Making up projects of single-storey houses from foam blocks, specialists quite often make living rooms large. One example is the option of a house with a hall at 26.3 m ² . The bathroom is separate according to the project, the toilet has an area of 2.7 m ² , while the bathroom is 4 m ² . The latter is located next to the kitchen at 7 m ² . The general corridor is located on an area of 4.6 m ² , it goes into a small corridor that connects the living room and bedroom. The last room has an area of 12.1 m ² .

Instead of the conclusion: the cost of foam blocks

The sizes and prices of foam blocks are characteristics that interest consumers more than others. You can buy a product with the dimensions of 600 x 250 x 375 mm for 3600 rubles per cubic meter. For a block weighing 120 kg, the dimensions of which are 600 x 250 x 200 mm, you will have to pay 120 rubles. When you are going to build a house made of foam blocks, you can buy the following products: 600 x 250 x 150 mm and 600 x 250 x 125 mm. The price of such building materials will be equal to 90 and 80 rubles apiece, respectively.