Collecting loads on the foundation: the procedure for performing calculations, features and recommendations

The main task of the foundation is to transfer the load from the building to the soil. Therefore, gathering loads on the foundation is one of the most important tasks that must be accomplished before the construction of the building starts.

What you need to consider when calculating the load

Correctness of calculation is one of the key steps in the construction, which must be solved. When carrying out incorrect calculations, most likely, under the pressure of loads, the foundation will simply settle and "go underground." When calculating and collecting loads on the foundation, it should be borne in mind that there are two categories - temporary and permanent loads.

• The first is, of course, the weight of the building itself. The total weight of the structure consists of several components. The first component is the total weight of the floor slabs for the floor, roof, interfloor, etc. The second component is the weight of all its walls, both bearing and internal. The third component is the weight of communications that are laid inside the house (sewerage, heating, water supply). The fourth and last component is the weight of the finishing elements of the house.
• Also, when collecting loads on the foundation, you need to take into account the weight, which is called the payload of the structure. At this point, we mean the entire internal structure (furniture, appliances, inhabitants, etc.) of the house.
• The third type of load is temporary, to which the additional loads due to weather conditions are most often referred. These include a layer of snow, loads in strong winds, and so on.

Example of collecting loads on the foundation

In order to accurately calculate all the loads that will occur on the foundation, you must have an accurate plan for the design of the building, as well as know what materials will be used to build the building. In order to more clearly describe the process of collecting loads on the foundation, the option of building a house with an inhabited mansandra, which will be located in the Urals region of the Russian Federation, will be considered.

• A one-storey house with an inhabited mansandra.
• The size of the house is 10 by 10 meters.
• The height between the floors (floor and ceiling) will be 2.5 meters.
• Exterior walls for the house will be erected from aerated concrete blocks, the thickness of which is 38 cm. Also on the outside of the building, these blocks will be covered with a 12 cm thick brick wall hollow bricks.
• Inside the house there will pass one bearing wall, the width of which is 38 cm.
• Above the socle of the house there will be an empty floor made of reinforced concrete. From the same material will be equipped and overlapping for the attic.
• The roof will be rafter type, and the roof will be made of corrugated board.

Calculation of loads on the foundation

After the collection of loads on the foundation of the house, you can begin to calculate.

• The first thing to calculate is the total area of all floors. The size of the house is 10 by 10 meters, which means that the total area will be 100 square meters. M (10 * 10).
• Then you can start calculating the total area of the walls. This figure also includes places under the openings for doors and windows. For the first floor, the calculation formula will look like this: 2.5 * 4 * 10 = 100 sq. M. M. Since the house with the inhabited mansandra, then the collection of loads on the foundation taking into account this building was carried out. For this floor area will be equal to 65 square meters. M. After calculations, both values add up and it turns out that the total area of the walls for the building is 165 sq. M. M.
• Next, you need to calculate the total area for the roof of the building. It will be 130 square meters. M. - 1,3 * 10 * 10.

After carrying out these calculations, it is necessary to use the table for collecting loads on the foundation, which presents the average values for those materials that will be used in building the building.

Ribbon foundation

Since there are several types of foundation that can be used in the construction of an object, several options will be considered. The first option is to collect loads on the strip foundation. The list of loads will include the mass of all elements used in the construction of the building.

1. The mass of the walls is external and internal. The total area is calculated without regard to openings for windows and doors.
2. Area for floors and floor materials from which it will be erected.
3. Area of the ceiling and ceiling.
4. The area of the roof truss system and the weight of the materials for the roof.
5. The area of the stairs and other internal elements of the house, as well as the weight of the material from which they will be made.
6. It is also necessary to add the weight of materials that are used for fastening during construction, for equipping the base, thermal and air insulation, as well as for lining the internal and / or external walls of the house.

These several points are an example of collecting loads on the foundation for any structure that will be erected on a belt-type support.

Calculation methods for a strip foundation

You can calculate the strip foundation in two ways. The first method involves calculating the load-bearing capacity of the soil under the base of the foundation, and the second - by deformation of the same soil. Since it is recommended to use the first method for calculations, it will be considered. Everyone knows that direct construction begins with a foundation, but the design of this site is the last. This is due to the fact that the main purpose of this design is to transfer the load from the house to the soil. And the collection of loads on the foundation can be carried out only after the detailed plan of the future structure is known. Direct calculation of the foundation can be conditionally divided into 3 stages:

• The first stage is the determination of the load on the foundation.
• The second stage is the choice of characteristics for the tape.
• The third stage is adjustment of parameters depending on operating conditions.

Foundation under the column

When building houses, columns can be used as supports. However, it is rather difficult to perform calculations for this type of bearing structure. The whole complexity of the calculation lies in the fact that it is quite difficult to collect the loads on the foundation of the column independently. For this it is necessary to have a special building education and certain skills. In order to solve the problem of calculating the load on the foundation of the column, it is necessary to have the following data:

• The first parameter, which must be taken into account, concerns the weather conditions. It is necessary to determine the climatic conditions in the region in which construction is carried out. In addition, an important parameter will be the type and power of the winds, as well as the frequency of the passage of rain and their strength.
• The second step is to make a geodetic map. It is necessary to take into account the flow of groundwater, their seasonal shift, as well as the type, structure and thickness of the underground rocks.
• At the third stage, of course, you need to calculate the load on the columns, coming from the building itself, that is, the weight of the future building.
• Based on the previously obtained data, it is necessary to select the correct brand of concrete according to characteristics, strength and composition.

How to calculate the foundation for a column

When calculating the foundation for a column, we mean the calculation of the load per square centimeter of the area of this foundation. In other words, in order to calculate the necessary foundation for the column, you need to know everything about the building, the ground and the groundwater that flow nearby. It is necessary to collect all this information, to systematize it, and on the basis of the results obtained it will be possible to carry out a full calculation of the loads on the foundation under the column. In order to have all the necessary information, you need to do the following:

1. It is necessary to have a complete project of the building with all the communications that will take place inside the building, as well as know what materials will be used for building the building.
2. It is necessary to calculate the total area of one support for the structure.
3. It is necessary to collect all the parameters of the building and on their basis to calculate the pressure that the structure will have on the pillar support.

Cutting foundation

The cutoff of the foundation is the upper part of the load-bearing concrete structure, on which the main pressure from the structure is due. There is a certain sequence, according to which it is necessary to collect loads on the edge of the foundation, as well as their further calculation. In order to determine the load on the edge, it is necessary to have a plan for a typical floor of a building, if it is a multi-storey building, or a standard cellar plan if the building has only one floor. In addition, it is necessary to have a plan of longitudinal and transverse sections of the building. For example, in order to calculate the load on the cutoff in the ten-story building, you need to know the following:

• Weight, thickness and height of the brick wall.
• The weight of the hollow-core reinforced concrete slabs, which are used as overlaps, and also multiply this number by the number of floors.
• The weight of the partitions multiplied by the number of floors.
• It is also necessary to add the weight of the roof, the weight of the waterproofing and the vapor barrier.

conclusions

As you can see, in order to calculate the load on the foundation of any type, you need to have all the data about the building, and also know a lot of formulas for calculation.

However, at present this task is somewhat simplified by the fact that there are electronic calculators that perform all calculations in place of people. But for their correct and productive work it is necessary to load into the device all information about the building, the material from which it will be erected, and so on.