Ceramic brick. Spheres of application and brand of bricks

Ceramic brick can be called with full confidence the most popular and common building material. The scope of its application is quite wide. It is used for laying foundations, building bearing and interior walls, for interior finishing of premises, facing facades of buildings, as well as for laying out furnaces, fireplaces, columns, pipes, fences, etc.

Marking

When choosing a brick, you need to pay attention to its characteristics, especially with regard to strength. It is determined by the ability of building materials to withstand internal stress and to resist various kinds of deformations and at the same time remain without damage. It is the ultimate strength of bricks on compression and determines its brand.

Mark it with the letter "M" along with a number denoting the ability of the material to withstand loads per 1 sq. M. See Brick grades must comply with GOSTs. Determine them in this way: from a separate lot take a few units and test for compression and fold. Based on the results of tests and determine the brand.

In accordance with established standards, ceramic bricks are produced in seven grades: 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250 and 300. It must be said that a certain marking applies to all types of bricks. For example, a hollow facial M 100 will have the same strength as a full-bodied.

If the construction of the building is made of bricks of different brands, then experts advise doing so: the very foundation of the building to lay out a material with a large margin of safety, for example M 150, then you can use M 125, and finish the wall at the top with a brick M 100.

There is one very important point: the ultimate strength of brickwork is determined not only by the brick grades, but by the solution with which they were fastened. Also, the rate of hardening and the quality of the masonry itself, i.e., the thickness and density of the laying of the building material, is very important.

Brick M 75

A solid brick must meet certain standards, one of which requires that the total volume of voids in it does not exceed 13%. If the product does not meet this standard, then it is considered hollow.

The most popular are the bricks M 75, M 100 and M 125. In order to meet the needs of various construction organizations and the population in this material, manufacturers choose exactly these sought-after brands for their enterprises. But the special demand is still the usual ceramic brick M 75.

Its popularity is due to its good technical characteristics, appearance and versatility. In addition, it is economical, which significantly allows you to reduce the cost of construction. In addition, this does not affect the quality of development.

The solid brick of mark 75 can be used for the construction of socles and foundations, bearing and external walls, fences, various partitions, etc. The versatility of its application can be explained by high strength, extreme moisture resistance and high resistance to constant sharp temperature changes.

This type of building material does not require any special skills. In addition, it has excellent grip, which allows you to build, we can say, monolithic structures.

Brick M 100

Ceramic brick grade 100, or so-called one-and-a-half, is used for the construction of external and bearing walls. It refers to the budget and the most popular types of red brick. For facing it is not used, because the construction market is saturated with other materials more suitable for this purpose.

At M 100, adverse weather and other environmental conditions practically do not influence. It is very durable and does not collapse during operation, and also has an excellent resistance to all sorts of internal deformations.

It is worth noting that the size, determined by GOST for single ordinary brick M 100, is 250 x 120 x 65. This standard allows you to lay out walls of different thicknesses - from 65 mm and more.

Due to the fact that the length of the brick is equal to two widths and four heights, its parameters are considered universal. Builders spread it in rows, while combining them with spoon or tumbling ways.

Brick M 125

Ceramic brick, grade 125, is used for the construction of bearing and internal walls, low buildings, columns, partitions, pillars and other structures. When using M 125 it is necessary to take into account that the height of the building erected from it should not exceed three floors. Otherwise, the entire structure may collapse. It should also be noted that M 125 has a low thermal conductivity. Therefore, the outer walls, laid out only from the brick of this brand, will subsequently need additional insulation.

Brick M 150

Full-bodied brick grade 150 - this is perhaps the most durable material. In addition, it has a number of advantages, which indicates its high quality and good performance. Here are its most significant features: excellent thermal conductivity, high frost resistance, resistance to high loads, long service life, increased strength.

Most often, the M 150 is used for laying foundations, for erecting bearing and external walls, as well as for facing facades of buildings. Double bricks are often used for laying load-bearing and external walls. It has excellent properties, allowing builders to significantly save cement mortar.

Mark M 200

The hollow M 200 has a relatively small thermal conductivity, so its application is reduced mainly to the masonry of the walls.

Since the solid brick of mark 200 has a good water-repellent ability, it is often used for laying foundations and socles of buildings. In addition, the solid M 200 is used for the construction of stoves and fireplaces. In this case, the heat conductivity index plays an important role, since it contributes to rapid heating of the furnace body and good heat transfer inside the building. But it must be said that in no case should they spread the combustion chambers, since with constant contact with the fire it will become fragile and subsequently completely collapsed.

It should be noted that the brands of bricks produced in different regions will differ slightly in their characteristics. This is due to the fact that different plants are equipped with different equipment, and they use raw materials, i.e., clay, differing in composition. But one way or another the requirement for raw materials will be the same - this is its homogeneity.

Now you know what kind of brick is.