Bronchodilators: a list of drugs, their effect and application. Classification of bronchodilators

The respiratory system is of great importance for human life. Weakened immunity and various infections can provoke diseases of the respiratory system, which immediately affects the quality of life. To treat such diseases, doctors use bronchodilators. Further we will consider how these medicines work, their classification and use for various diseases of respiratory organs.

What is bronchodilator

Broncholytics include drugs and drugs that relieve bronchospasm, and also fight with the causes of narrowing of the bronchi.

At what diseases such conditions can arise, we will consider further.

At what diseases do bronchodilators

There are a number of diseases in which the following symptoms may develop:

• Bronchospasm.
• Edema.
• Hyper secretion of mucus.
• Constriction of the bronchi.

The development of such symptoms is possible with the following diseases:

• COPD.
• Bronchial asthma.
• Obstructive acute bronchitis.
• Obliterating bronchiolitis.
• Bronchoectatic disease.
• Cystic fibrosis.
• Ciliary dyskinesia syndrome.
• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

For the prevention of bronchospasm can be used bronchodilators of different types.

Types of bronchodilators

The pharmaceutical industry produces several types of drugs from this group:

• Pills.
• Syrups.
• Medicines for injections.
• Inhalers.
• Nebulizers.

Also can be divided into several classes of bronchodilators.

Classification and list of drugs

1. Adrenomimetics . This group includes drugs that are able to stop attacks of bronchial obstruction. Due to the activation of adrenoreceptors, the musculature of the bronchi relaxes. If you consider these bronchodilators, the list of drugs will be as follows:

• "Epinephrine."
• "Isoprenaline."
• Salbutamol.
• "Fenoterol."
• "Ephedrine".

2. M-holinoblokatory. Also used to blockade attacks of bronchial obstruction. Drugs of this group do not enter the bloodstream and do not have systemic action. They can only be used for inhalations. The following medicines can be listed:

• Atropine sulfate.
• "Metacin".
• Ipratropium bromide.
• "Berodual."

3. Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase. They stop attacks of bronchial obstruction, relaxing the smooth musculature of the bronchi, by depositing calcium in the endoplasmic reticulum by reducing its amount inside the cell. Improves peripheral ventilation, diaphragm functions. This group includes:

• Theophylline.
• "Theobromine".
• "Eufillin."

The use of these drugs can cause dizziness, tachycardia, a sharp drop in blood pressure.

4. Stabilizers of membranes of mast cells. They are used exclusively for the prevention of bronchial spasm. Calcium channels are blocked and there is an obstacle to the entrance of calcium into the mast cells, thereby disrupting their degranulation and the release of histamine. At the time of the attack, these drugs are already ineffective. Used in the form of tablets or inhalations of bronchodilator data. The list of preparations is as follows:

• "Cromolin".
• "Nedokromil."
• Ketotifen.

5. Corticosteroids. These drugs are used in the treatment of complex forms of bronchial asthma. It can also be used to prevent and relieve bronchospasm attacks. The following medicines should be added to the list:

• Hydrocortisone.
• "Prednisolone."
• Dexamethasone.
• "Triamycinolone."
• Beclomethasone.

6. Calcium channel blockers. Used to stop the attacks of bronchial obstruction. By blocking the calcium channels, calcium does not enter the cell, as a result, the bronchi relax. The spasm decreases, the coronary and peripheral vessels expand. The preparations of this group include:

• "Nifedipine."
• Isradipine.

7 . Preparations with antileukotrienovym action. Blocking leukotriene receptors helps relax the bronchi. Use this type of medication to prevent bronchial obstruction.

They are very effective in the treatment of diseases that arise as a result of prolonged use of non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs. This category includes the following medicines:

• Zafirlukast.
• "Montelukast".

Drawing a conclusion, it should be said that the bronchodilators work primarily to relax the bronchi, but in different ways. Given these features of bronchodilators, concomitant diseases of the patient and the characteristics of the body, you can assign effective treatment.

Spirography with bronchodilator

Spirography is prescribed for examination of patients, who often have respiratory organs diseases. Most often in cases, if there are the following symptoms:

• Cough that has not stopped for a long time.
• Dyspnea.
• In the breath you can hear wheezing, whistling.
• If you have difficulty breathing.

This method of examination allows you to detect changes in lung volume and their functionality. This procedure is absolutely safe, but it gives a lot of information for the purpose of effective treatment.

For spirography, bronchodilators can be used. The list of drugs may include the following medicines:

• "Berotek".
• "Ventalin".

Spirography with bronchodilator is performed before and after taking the medication to find out how the agent affects the functioning of the lungs. And also, if medications, relaxing bronchi are used, it is determined whether bronchospasm is reversible or irreversible. The medication is taken with a nebulizer or aerosol.

Asthma withdrawal

We will stop our attention on the preparations used for asthma. Bronchodilators with asthma are the most important drugs that are necessary for asthmatics, both for the removal of sudden seizures, and for their prevention. This includes the following types of bronchodilators:

• Beta agonists.
• Anticholinergic drugs.
• "Theophylline."

The drugs of the first two groups are best taken with an inhaler or nebulizer.

When an asthma attack occurs, urgent help is needed, using short-acting inhaled bronchodilators for this. They very quickly remove bronchospasm by opening the bronchi. In a few minutes, bronchodilators can alleviate the condition of the patient, and the effect will persist for 2-4 hours. With the help of an inhaler or nebulizer it is possible to relieve an attack of bronchospasm at home. This way of getting the medicine into the respiratory system reduces the number of possible side effects, unlike the taking of tablets or injections that fall necessarily into the blood.

Using short-acting bronchodilators for attacks, it must be remembered that this is only an ambulance. If you need to use them more than twice a week, you should consult your doctor. Perhaps, it is necessary to strengthen the control over the course of the disease, it may be necessary to revise the methods of treatment.

We control seizures with bronchodilators

In order to keep seizures under control, it is necessary to use long-acting bronchodilators. They can also be taken with inhalation. The effect will last up to 12 hours. To such preparations it is possible to carry the following:

• Formotherol. It starts to work in 5-10 minutes. It can be used both for the removal of seizures and for their treatment. Can be used for children, but only under the supervision of adults.
• Salmetorol. Also relieves seizures within a few minutes. The effect lasts up to 12 hours. This drug can only be used by adults.

Treatment of bronchitis

Of course, bronchodilators are often necessary for bronchitis. Especially in the event that the disease has passed to a chronic stage or bronchial obstruction is observed. Many bronchodilators can be used to treat bronchitis. The list of preparations can look like this:

• "Isadrin."
• The ipradol.
• Salbutamol.
• "Berodual."
• "Eufillin."

A very good effect in the treatment of bronchitis is achieved if bronchodilators are used for inhalations with a nebulizer or an inhaler. In this case, the bronchodilator, for example "Salbutamol", gets directly into the inflammatory focus and starts to affect the problem without getting into the blood. And this significantly reduces the manifestation of adverse reactions to the drug. It is important that these procedures can be carried out and children without much harm to health, but with great effect in the treatment of the disease.

And now a few words about the side effects of bronchodilators.

Side effects

When using short or long-acting bronchodilators, side effects can not be overlooked. When taking short-acting bronchodilators - these are such as "Salbutamol", "Terbutaline", "Fenoterol" - such undesirable consequences are possible:

• Dizziness.
• Headache.
• Jerking, tremor of the extremities.
• Nerve agitation.
• Tachycardia, palpitations.
• Arrhythmia.
• Increase in blood pressure.
• Hypersensitivity.
• Hypokalemia.

Drugs of prolonged action, such as "Salmeterol", "Formoterol", have the following side effects:

• Tremor of arms and legs.
• Dizziness.
• Headache.
• Twitching of muscles.
• Palpitation.
• Change of taste.
• Nausea.
• Sleep disturbance.
• Hypokalemia.
• Patients with asthma in severe form can develop paradoxical bronchospasm.

If any side effects occur, you should inform your doctor about it to adjust the dosage or change the drug.

Contraindications

There are diseases in which it is contraindicated to use bronchodilators, acting for a short time. Namely:

• Hyperthyroidism.
• Heart diseases.
• Hypertension.
• Diabetes.
• Cirrhosis of the liver.

Also, special care should be taken in the presence of these conditions when taking bronchodilators of other groups.

Still note that for pregnant women it is better to choose short-acting bronchodilators. Prolonged action, the drug "Theophylline" can be taken from the 2nd trimester no more than 1 time per day. Before giving birth for 2-3 weeks, it is necessary to exclude the use of long-acting bronchodilators.

It is worth paying attention to the fact that not all bronchodilators can be taken to children nursing mothers and pregnant women.

Before using such medications, it is always necessary to consult a doctor.

special instructions

If you are prescribed bronchodilators, the use of drugs and dosage should be strictly observed so as not to harm your health.

Treatment of children using a nebulizer or inhaler with bronchodilator is strictly under the supervision of adults.

Particular care should be taken when treating people who have:

• Violation of the heart rate.
• High blood pressure.
• Diabetes.
• Glaucoma.

It is necessary to use bronchodilators with other sympathomimetics carefully. It should be borne in mind that hypokalemia may develop with simultaneous appointment with theophyllines, corticosteroids, diuretics.

Bronchodilators should be taken only as directed by a doctor. Remember that self-medication is life-threatening.