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"Borodino Field" (Museum-Reserve): attractions, description
In the history of wars of any state there are battles that have become turning points. For Russia in the war of 1812, it was the Battle of Borodino that took place on September 7.
It happened on the same-named field, one hundred and ten kilometers from Moscow west of Mozhaisk.
In Borodin, the Russian Napoleonic army, which conquered all of Europe and now stood at the approaches to Moscow, suffered such a blow that the French could not recover. This heroic battle was the beginning of the defeat of the enemy's enemy forces.
History of creation
The events of 1812 left their mark not only in Russian history, but also in the annals of all Europe. And therefore it is not surprising that the place where one of the decisive events of that war took place was turned into a monument.
The fact that this field is bound to preserve its glory for centuries, the Russians realized after ten years after the victory over Napoleon. Historians describe the chronology of how the Borodino field was turned into a museum-reserve.
Kutuzov turned to Ober-Gomfeysterin Naryshkina with the demand that the fortifications of the Russian were preserved. He wrote that they can bury these redoubts only for years. At the same time, at the site where General Tuchkov died heroically, the construction of the Church of the Holy Face was started, as more than fifty thousand soldiers died in the battle.
Opening
The Museum-Reserve "Borodino Field" dates back to August 1839. It was on this day, with the participation of Emperor Nicholas I and the participants in the battle, on the Kurgan Altitude, a monument created by the architect A. Adamini was consecrated on the Raevsky Battery - the main fulcrum of the Russian army during the battle - on the Kurgan Heights before the formation of a hundred and fifty thousand troops on the Raevsky Battery. A few months before, the remains of General P.I. Bagration - one of the heroes of Borodino.
Not far from the monument by the Emperor's Decree was built a lodge designed for veteran soldiers who were to lead the Book of Records of visitors to see the plan of the battle and the trophies left after it. In addition, they had to look after the grave of Bagration and the monument. So the museum-reserve "Borodino Field" was opened.
Description
This historic monument is considered one of the oldest among the field-based battlefields. In 1961, it was renamed the State Borodino Military History Museum-Reserve and included in the Code of the most valuable objects in the list of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation.
The area of its protected area is six hundred and fifty square kilometers. The Borodino military-historical museum-reserve itself is a territory of one hundred and ten square meters. M. The main object for the show is, in fact, the field itself, in which in August six days Russian troops under the leadership of Kutuzov fought for Moscow.
The museum in its modern form was opened in 1902. It was a very peculiar and unexpected decision. The head of the railway station "Borodino" decided to create the "Museum of 1812", placing it in one of the station rooms. Ten years later a jubilee was celebrated - one hundred years from the date of the battle. Celebrations were held in large scale. There were even erected monuments in memory of especially distinguished soldiers and officers of the tsarist army.
Thirty-five monuments were also built and the Shevardinsk Redoubt restored . It was this reinforcement that first took the brunt. One of the flashes was also reconstructed.
How to get there
You can drive to the "Borodino Field" (museum-reserve) by car on the Moscow-Minsk highway. From Mozhaisk, you need to go west to the village of the same name, then turn left to the main monument.
The trains leave from the Belorussky railway station. And by bus you can come to the "Borodino Field" (museum) from the metro station "Park Pobedy" on the bus number 457.
Near the central exposition and close to the Spaso-Borodino monastery comfortable parking is provided, designed not only for cars, but also for excursion shuttles.
Infrastructure
The State Borodino Military History Museum-Reserve opened its branches in Mozhaisk. This is a local historical and local history center and the House of Artists S. Gerasimov.
Today, the efforts of the administration form and develop meetings, ensure the safety of funds. But most importantly, normal conditions are created for relics, including those that are exposed under the open sky.
Activities
One of the important tasks that the Borodino Field (Museum) sets itself today is the acquisition, accounting and cataloging of collections. Priority direction of this historical monument is exposition and exhibition. Important and restoration of all the monuments-exhibits, including movable. These activities must be carried out continuously.
The Museum-Reserve conducts a very significant work on the "Borodino Field" on the implementation of projects based on the reconstruction of previously lost exhibits, their reconstruction, restoration and preservation. Today, museums are being actively museumed historical and cultural sites in the landscape, as well as individual monuments and objects that have not yet entered the museum-reserve "Borodino Field."
sights
Acquaintance with this historical and cultural object should be started directly from the railway station of the same name . Here, by the 190th anniversary of the battle, an exposition was opened, telling about the events and heroes of that battle. It includes some materials on the October events of 1941 in this territory.
However, the main exposition of the museum is located in the middle of the Borodino field. It was opened in the pavilion near Raevsky's battery. Called "Borodino - the Battle of the Giants", the exhibition stores only genuine trophies and artifacts associated with the famous battle. Here, for example, you can see the weapons and uniforms of soldiers of the Russian and French armies, as well as banners and standards, their documents and awards, maps.
"Borodino Field" (museum-reserve) exhibits a lot of personal belongings of the battle participants. Here are exhibited and paintings created by veterans and contemporaries of the war of 1812
The Spaso-Borodino Monastery
After examining the central exposition, it is worth going to the place where once there was a small church. Today the Spaso-Borodino monastery was built in its place, on the territory of which several more exhibitions are located. For example, an exposition telling about what the Borodino Field (a museum-reserve) represented during the Great Patriotic War, about the work of the field hospital, broken down on the territory of the complex from July to September 1941, etc.
The next exhibition - "Military Art Toy" - slightly dilutes the sad pictures of the previous one. It is especially liked by small visitors. Figures of soldiers from different historical epochs, as well as a unique mock-up demonstrating one of the episodes of the battle, make children spend hours idle in front of stands.
The "Borodino Field" (museum-preserve) would not be such without mentioning the name of the Russian classic Leo Tolstoy and, of course, the novel "War and Peace". The writer was in person in 1867. He stayed at a hotel in the church to collect materials for his future book.
Today, within the precincts of the former inn, an exhibition is held, telling about the heroes of the novel "War and Peace" and their participation in the Borodino battle, as well as about the places where Andrei Bolkonsky fought.
And, finally, tourists are invited to visit the excursion in the military-historical settlement "Doronino" - a unique village of the nineteenth century, in which the peasant and military life of that era was recreated. Here you can not only see and learn where and how officers and soldiers lived during the war of 1812, but also to taste real soldier's marching mush.
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