Beta-adrenomimetics: description, action, list of drugs

Each drug belongs to a certain pharmacological group. This means that some medicines have the same mechanism of action, indications for use and side effects. One of the major pharmacological groups is beta-adrenomimetics. These drugs are widely used in the treatment of respiratory and cardiovascular pathologies.

What is B-adrenomimetics?

Beta-adrenomimetics is a group of medical devices that are used in the treatment of various diseases. In the body, they bind to specific receptors located in the smooth muscles of the bronchi, uterus, heart, vascular tissue. This interaction causes beta-cell stimulation. As a result, various physiological processes are activated. When B-adrenomimetics bind to receptors, the production of biological substances such as dopamine and adrenaline is stimulated. Another name for these compounds is beta-agonists. Their main effects are increased heart rate, increased blood pressure and improved bronchial conductivity.

Beta-adrenomimetics: action in the body

Beta-agonists are divided into B1- and B2-adrenomimetics. Receptors for these substances are found in internal organs. When bound to them, beta-adrenomimetics lead to the activation of many processes in the body. The following effects of B-agonists are distinguished:

1. Increase cardiac automatism and improve conductivity.
2. Increased heart rate.
3. Acceleration of lipolysis. When B1-adrenomimetics are used, free fatty acids appear in the blood, which are the products of the disintegration of triglycerides.
4. Increase in blood pressure. This action is due to the stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).

To the listed changes in the body leads the binding of adrenomimetics with B1-receptors. They are located in the heart muscle, blood vessels, fatty tissue and juxtaglomerular apparatus of kidney cells.

B2 receptors are found in the bronchi, uterus, skeletal muscles, central nervous system. In addition, they are present in the heart and blood vessels. Beta-2-adrenomimetics cause the following effects:

1. Improvement of bronchial conduction. This action is due to relaxation of smooth muscles.
2. Acceleration of glycogenolysis in muscles. As a result, the skeletal muscles quickly and more rapidly contract.
3. Relaxation of the myometrium.
4. Acceleration of glycogenolysis in liver cells. This leads to an increase in the level of sugar in the blood.
5. Increase in heart rate.

What drugs belong to the group of B-adrenomimetics?

Doctors often prescribe beta-adrenomimetics. Preparations related to this pharmacological group are divided into short- and high-speed medicines. In addition, they allocate drugs that have selective effect only on certain organs. Some drugs act immediately on the B1 and B2 receptors. The most famous medicines from the group of beta-adrenomimetics are drugs "Salbutamol", "Fenoterol", "Dopamine". B-agonists are used in the treatment of pulmonary and cardiac diseases. Also, some of them are used in the conditions of the intensive care unit (medicine "Dobutamin"). Less commonly, this group of drugs is used in gynecological practice.

Classification of beta-adrenomimetics: a variety of medications

Beta-adrenomimetics is a pharmacological group that includes a large number of medications. Therefore, they are divided into several groups. Classification of B-agonists includes:

1. Non-selective beta-adrenomimetics. This group includes medicines "Orciprenaline" and "Isoprenaline".
2. Selective B1-adrenomimetics. They are used in the cardiology and resuscitation departments. Representatives of this group are preparations "Dobutamine" and "Dopamine".
3. Selective beta-2-adrenomimetics. This group includes medicines used in diseases of the respiratory system. In turn, selective B2-agonists are divided into short-acting drugs and drugs with a long-lasting effect. The first group includes medicines "Fenoterol", "Terbutalin", "Salbutamol" and "Hexoprenaline". Long-acting drugs are the medicines Formotherol, Salmeterol and Indacaterol.

Indications for use of B-adrenomimetics

Indications for use of B-adrenomimetics depend on the type of drug. Beta-agonists of non-selective action are practically not used at present. Previously, they were used to treat certain types of rhythm disturbances, worsening of cardiac conduction, bronchial asthma. Now doctors prefer to prescribe selective B-agonists. Their advantage is that they have much fewer side effects. In addition, selective drugs are more convenient to use, since they affect only certain organs.

Indications for the appointment of B1-adrenomimetics:

1. Acute congestive heart failure.
2. Shock of any etiology.
3. Collapse.
4. Decompensated heart disease.
5. Rarely is ischemic heart disease of a severe degree.

B2-agonists are prescribed for bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In most cases, these drugs are used in the form of aerosols. Sometimes the drug "Fenoterol" is used in gynecological practice to slow labor and prevent miscarriage. In this case, the drug is administered intravenously.

In what cases are B-adrenomimetics contraindicated?

It should be remembered that the drugs of the beta-adrenomimetic group have a number of contraindications and side effects. This is especially true for non-selective B-agonists. The side effects of these drugs are the development of hyperglycemia, limb tremor, heart rhythm disturbances, central nervous system excitement, etc. Beta-1 agonists belong to potent drugs, so they are used only in cases of acute need. They are contraindicated in patients who have a history of such pathologies: ventricular arrhythmia, subaortal stenosis, pheochromocytoma. Also, they can not be used for cardiac tamponade.

B2-agonists are contraindicated in the following cases:

1. Intolerance to beta-adrenomimetics.
2. Pregnancy, complicated by bleeding, placental abruption, threat of interruption.
3. Children under 2 years old.
4. Inflammatory processes in the myocardium, rhythm disturbances.
5. Diabetes.
6. Stenosis of the aorta.
7. Arterial hypertension.
8. Acute heart failure.
9. Thyrotoxicosis.

Medication "Salbutamol": instructions for use

The preparation "Salbutamol" refers to short-acting B2-agonists. It is used in the syndrome of bronchial obstruction. Most often it is used in aerosols for 1-2 doses (0.1-0.2 mg). Children preferably do inhalations through a nebulizer. Also there is a tablet form of the drug. Dosage for adults is 6-16 mg per day.

Salbutamol: the price of a medicinal product

The medication is used as a monotherapy for mild asthma. If the patient has an average or severe stage of the disease, prolonged medications (long-acting beta-adrenomimetics) are used. They are the basic therapy for bronchial asthma. To quickly stop the attack of suffocation use the drug "Salbutamol." The price of the medication is from 50 to 160 rubles, depending on the manufacturer and the dose contained in the vial.