Artistic means

Artistic means are also characteristic of colloquial speech, but in literary creation they are especially common, since they help the writer to attach individual features to the described phenomena, to evaluate them.

Belonging to them, in the first place, trails - these are speech phrases in which words or expressions are used not in direct meaning, but in the figurative meaning. They are based on a comparison of a pair of such phenomena, which seem to us to be close by some signs. So, the signs of one phenomenon give a characteristic to another, create a bright, clear, concrete representation about it, explain it.

Paths, like artistic means, are used in the writer's speech to form new combinations of words with a new meaning. With their help speech acquires other semantic nuances, the author estimates the described phenomena.

Trails are of two types: complex and protozoa.

The simplest artistic means is an epithet and a comparison.

Epithet serves to characterize, define and explain some property of an object or phenomenon. This happens only when it is combined with a definable word. The epithet carries its signs to him. For example: silver spoons, silk curls.

The comparison provides a definition of the phenomenon by comparing it with another phenomenon that has similar characteristics to the first. It can be expressed by means of words (exactly as, like, etc.) or point out the similarity in the construction of a sentence (it was similar to ...).

Complex art means - it's litota, hyperbole, periphrasis, synecdoche, metaphor, allegory and metonymy.

Litota is a figurative word combination that intentionally understates the strength, meaning, dimensions of the phenomenon that is depicted. The author resorts to this tool to make his speech more expressive. For example, an expression from a fairy tale: a boy with a finger.

Hyperbola - is, on the contrary, an exorbitant increase in the value, strength, size of the phenomenon or object depicted. The author resorts to it to sharpen the image, to attract the attention of the reader.

Perifraz is the replacement of the specific name of an object or phenomenon by a description of the characteristics characteristic of it. This creates a vivid picture of life in the view of the reader.

Metaphor is one of the most used complex pathways, in which the word is used in its figurative meaning to identify a phenomenon or object, similar to it, common features, features.

Metonymy is the replacement of the name of a phenomenon or concept by another name, but one that is related to the first phenomenon in the mind of a person. For example, from A. Pushkin's phrase "All flags will be visited by us ..." it is clear that ships of several countries will come to the port.

The prevalence in the work of these or other means of language creates features of the writer's artistic style. Also, the author's style can consist in the repetition of ideas reflecting the perception of the world, in the content of the work itself, in a certain range of subjects and characters depicted by him most often.

The complex of means used by the author, the features of his creative manner, his worldview, his portrayal of his life - all this is due to the historical and social conditions in which he develops. Their imprint lies on both the form of the work of art and the content.

In addition, the style is understood as features of not one author, but several. In the work of each of them the following traits are repeated (and simultaneously unite them): a similar understanding of life, the same ideas of works, the use of identical artistic means.

The artistic styles in which writers are grouped according to the characteristics listed above are usually called literary currents (symbolism, futurism, sentimentalism, acmeism and others).