Approaches to management

Personnel management is an activity aimed at influencing a person or team, aimed at achieving the fullest possible match between the capabilities of staff and the goals, conditions, and development strategies of the organization.

Basic approaches to personnel management:

1. Economic.
2. Organic.
3. Humanistic.

The economic approach to personnel management

In this case, in the first place is the technical training of personnel, and not administrative. These approaches to management have the following principles:

• Unity of leadership. Orders are given by only one supervisor;
• Strict administrative vertical;
• A fixed amount of control. The number of subordinates should be such that there are no problems in coordination and communication;
• Balance between power and responsibility.
• discipline;
• Equality at each individual level of the organization;
• Interest of employees in obtaining the final result.

Organic approach to personnel management

In this case, special approaches to management are provided. Attention is focused on the human resource. The organization is perceived as an organism that lives in the environment and interacts with it. In this connection, two analogies are used. Thanks to them, new views on organizational reality were developed:

1. Were introduced into circulation terms such as need, purpose, motive, birth and maturation, aging and death of the organization.
2. For the model of organizational structure, the human brain was taken. This allowed to display it in the form of parts that are connected by lines of control, monitoring and communication.

Humanistic approach to personnel management

This direction has become especially popular recently. The key idea underlying these approaches to management - the values and goals of the organization, the principles of behavior and the ways of responding to different situations, should be clear and accessible to all participants of the work collective. All this is called organizational culture. It can be different for each organization. It depends on ideology, social communities, laws and everyday rituals, values inherent in a particular team.

In modern society, the influence of the cultural context on the organization of work and the management of personnel is becoming more and more evident. A vivid example of this is Japan. Their approaches to management are fundamentally different from European ones. The main direction of activity of the leaders of Japanese enterprises is the increase of the labor productivity of workers. For comparison, most American and European managers have a single goal - to make a profit with the least effort.

Characteristic features of the Japanese management system:

1. Guarantee employment for each employee and create a trusting environment. There is no threat of dismissal, there is a real possibility of career growth. All this is an excellent incentive for employees. In addition, there is a system of lifelong hiring. At the same time, each company has developed a system of additional payments, bonuses and so on for the time worked. People are materially interested in not changing the place of work.
2. Management is based on information. Collection and systematization of data increases the economic efficiency of production.
3. Orientation to quality. The main task in production management is data acquisition and quality control.
4. Unconditional presence of management in the enterprise during the whole working day.
5. Publicity and common values. A common information base for workers at all levels. This increases mutual understanding and significantly improves performance.