Alexander Greene. Biography and work of the famous writer

Alexander Green, biography, whose photo is presented in this article, is an outstanding Russian writer. About 400 of his works were printed. He created a fictional country. It is in it that the action of many of his works takes place, and the two most famous books of the writer - "Scarlet Sails" and "Running on the Waves" - are no exception. Thanks to the well-known criticism of K. Zelinsky, this country was called Greenland.

Childhood

Grin Alexander Stepanovich, whose biography will be described in this article, was born in Vyatka province. The real name of the writer is Grinevsky. His father Stefan was a Polish nobleman. In 1863 he took part in the uprising, for which he was exiled to Tomsk. In 1868 he was allowed to move to Vyatka province. Soon he married a Russian girl, Anna Lepkova, who was a nurse. They had four children. The first child in the family was Alexander Greene. Photos of the writer's mother and father are presented in this article.

Birthday of Alexander Green - 11 (according to the new style of 23) August 1880. At the age of six the boy learned to read. The first book he read was Gulliver's Travels. The future writer loved works about travel and seafarers. Several times I tried to escape from home to become a sailor.

When Alexander was 9 years old, he was sent to the school. Classmates came up with the nickname Green, which he later used as a pseudonym. The future writer in the school was characterized by the worst behavior and was constantly threatened with expulsion. Being a pupil of the 2nd class, Alexander wrote insulting verses to the teachers. For this he was expelled from the ranks of students. In 1892, the boy was admitted to another school thanks to the efforts of his father.

When A. Greene was 15 years old, his mother died of tuberculosis. Four months after her death, her father married. Alexander did not get on with his stepmother and began to live separately. He earned by copying documents and binding books. His main hobby was reading. At this time he began to write poetry.

Youth

At the age of 16 Alexander Green graduated from the four-year school and went to Odessa. He had a firm intention to become a sailor. Father gave his son some money, as well as his friend's address. When Alexander came to Odessa, the money from him quickly ended, and he could not find work. He was starving and wandering. The young man had to turn to his father's friend for help. He arranged it on the steamer. But the sailor from A. Greene did not work. The sailor's routine work very quickly bored him. After that, he traveled around the country and tried himself in different professions. But he did not stay anywhere for long. In 1902 he joined the soldiers. He served for six months, 3 months of which he spent in a punishment cell. A. Green defected from the army. The SRs helped him to hide, with whom he had made friends with him. Alexander was carried away by revolutionary ideas. He sincerely gave himself up to the struggle with the existing system.

In 1903 A. Greene was arrested for his revolutionary activities. After he tried to escape, he was transferred to a strict regime prison. The investigation lasted a long time, as a result, he was sentenced to exile in Siberia. There he spent only 3 days and fled. His father helped him get a foreign passport and go to the capital.

Mature years

Alexander Green, whose photo is presented in this article, after a while came out of the Socialist Revolutionaries. Soon he married Vera Abramova. Her father was a major official, but she herself supported the revolutionaries. In 1910, Alexander became a famous writer. Then the police discovered that Green and Grinevsky were the same person. The writer was arrested, and he was exiled to the Arkhangelsk region.

After the revolution, the Soviet system in the writer caused even more negative than the monarchist. The only thing that pleased A. Green in the new system - permission to divorce. This he immediately took advantage of. The writer divorced from Vera and married Maria Dolidze. But after a few months the couple broke up.

In 1919, Alexander was drafted into the Red Army, where he served as a signalman. Soon the writer fell seriously ill. He had typhus. The life of Alexander Green was under threat. Almost a month he was on treatment. He was visited by M. Gorky, he brought the patient coffee, honey and bread. He also helped A. Grin get a room in the House of Arts, in the center of St. Petersburg, and an academy. Alongside Alexander lived O. Mandelstam, N. S. Gumilev, V. Kaverin, VA Rozhdestvensky. The writer was a person who was uncommunicative, withdrawn, unfriendly and sullen.

In 1921, the writer married Nina Mironova. With her A. Green lived until the end of his days. The couple were always together and both believed that fate made them a great gift when allowed to meet. The writer devoted his "Scarlet Sails" to Nina. In 1930, the couple moved to the Old Crimea. It was a difficult time, since A. Greene's books were banned, the writer and his wife often starved and ached.

In July 1932, the writer died. He had stomach cancer. He is buried in the cemetery of the Old Crimea. On his grave there is a monument "Running on the Waves" (sculptor T. Gagarin).

Creative way

In 1906, wrote his first story, Alexander Greene. Creativity seized him, and this year became a turning point in his life. A. Green became a writer. His first story is called "The Merit of Private Panteleyev." In it it was told about the atrocities that are going on in the army. As a result, the work was withdrawn from the printing house and destroyed. The next story of A. Greene, "Elephant and Moska," suffered the same fate. The first work that reached the reader was "To Italy". In 1907, the writer began to use the pseudonym Green. Since 1908, collections of his stories have begun to be published. Alexander Green stories published for 25 pieces per year. The writer began to earn big money. Alexander Stepanovich wrote several short stories, while in exile. Initially, his works only in magazines and newspapers were published by Alexander Green. Books with his stories, novels and stories began to be printed somewhat later. For the first time his works were published in the form of a three-volume book in 1913. A year later a new period began in the writer's work. The style in which Alexander Greene wrote became more professional. His books became more profound, the subjects expanded. And the writer began to work more productively.

In the 1920s, A. Green continued to write stories, but in passing he undertook the writing of larger works. The very first novel, written by Alexander Stepanovich - "The Shining World". Then there were Scarlet Sails, Golden Chain, Running on the Waves, Earth and Factory, Road to Nowhere, Jesse and Morgian. The last of his novel, entitled "Touchy", Green did not have time to finish.

After the death of the writer

When Alexander Green died, thanks to the efforts of leading Soviet writers, a collection of his works was printed. His widow continued to live in the Old Crimea, first was in the occupation, and then she was hijacked to Germany for labor. After the war, she returned to the USSR, where she was accused of treason. The wife of A. Greene spent almost 10 years in Stalin's camps. After the war, the books of A. Green were recognized as alien to the proletariat and banned. Only after the death of Stalin, the writer was rehabilitated, and his books were published again. While A. Greene's wife was serving her sentence, the house in the Old Crimea was taken over by other people. With great difficulty, she managed to get him back. In 1960, Nina opened the museum of Alexander Green in it and devoted the last years of his life to him.

List of works written by the writer

Alexander Greene wrote a lot of works. Among them, novels, stories, novels, stories. Although the writer is considered a prose writer, he composed many poems.

Alexander Greene novels and novels wrote the following:

• "Running on the waves".
• "Touchy".
• "Scarlet Sails".
• "Elephant and Moska."
• Crimson sails.
• "The Shining World."
• "Jesse and Morgiana."
• "Gold chain".

Alexander Greene wrote stories and stories. It:

• "A toy".
• "Passage yard."
• "Murder in a fish shop."
• "Zurbagan shooter".
• "A deaf trail."
• "The tribe of the Siurg."
• "Competition in Lissa".
• "Fighter".
• "To Italy".
• "On the slope of the hills."
• "Seeker of adventures".
• The Penitential Manuscript.
• History of the Tauren.
• "The Hons Estate."
• The Adventures of Gincha.
• "The secret of the forest."
• "Firewater".
• "Fandango".
• "Elda and Angoteya."
• "On the cloudy shore."
• "The Legend of Ferguson."
• "New Year's holiday of the father and the little daughter."
• "Telegraphist from Medyansky Bor."
• "Bird of Kam-Bu".
• "Sweet poison of the city."
• "Lives of great people."
• "Moonlight".
• "Winter's Tale."
• "Boarded up house."
• "Ships in Lisse."
• "Duel of the leaders."
• "The Sorcerer's Apprentice".
• "Brick and music."
• "The island of Reno."
• "Passenger of the Pyzhikov."
• "The dead for the living."
• "Fourth for all."
• "Gold and miners."
• "Murder in Kunst-Fisch."
• "Blind Day Canet."
• Barca on the Green Canal.
• "Commandant of the Port."
• "The Devil of Orange Waters."
• The Green Lamp.
• "Headless horseman".
• "Malinik Yakobson".
• "Gladiators."
• "The Death of Romelink."
• "Gutt, Witt and Redott."
• «Wild mill».
• "Oranges".
• "The Weakness of Daniel Horton."
• "Grinka and his son."
• "Earth and water."
• "Hold and deck."
• "The man who cries."
• "The ingenious player".
• "The Shaan Batalist."
• "Around the world".
• The Poisoned Island.
• "Traveler Wy-Few-Eoy".
• "Naive Tussalletto."
• "Three adventures of Ehma."
• "The Return of Hell."
• "Cyclone in the Plain of Rains."
• "Jolly fellow traveler - Pied Piper."
• "Two promises."
• "The tragedy of the Xuan plateau."
• "Captain Duke."
• "The seller of happiness."
• "The Tale of Birka."
• "Quiet weekdays."
• The Blue Tellurie Cascade.
• "Magic disgrace."
• "Black Diamond".
• "Marriage of August Esbjorn."
• "The power of the incomprehensible."
• Pierre and Surine.
• "The branch of mistletoe."
• Window in the Forest.
• "Third floor".
• "The Crime of the Fallen Leaf".
• "The sun is gone."
• "Paradise".
• "Lion's blow."
• "The Mystery of Foreseen Death."
• "The Legacy of the Peak Mick."
• "Order on the army."
• "Velvet curtain."
• "Meetings and adventures."
• "The story of one murder."
• "Another's fault."
• "Heavy air."
• "Way".
• "Puddle of a bearded pig."
• «Club Arap».
• "One hundred miles along the river".
• "Fate, taken for the horns."
• "Winner".
• "The White Ball."
• Strait of Storms.
• "Swan".
• "Incident in the apartment of Ms. Seriz".
• "Night and day."
• "The Creation of Asper."
• "Underground".
• "Father's anger."
• "Hunting for a bully".
• "The Golden Pond."
• "River".
• "Nurse Glenau."
• "The horse's head."
• "Fourteen feet."
• "Colony Lanfier."
• "Eroshka".
• "Xenia Turpanova".
• "The Return of the Seagull."
• "Forward and backward."
• "Mat in three moves."
• "Fighting against death."
• "Punishment".
• "Arm".
• "Nightmare".
• "Taboo".
• Renee.
• "White fire".
• "Forest drama".
• The Mysterious Record.
• "Occurrence in the Dog Street".
• "The Atlanta Mnemonic System."
• "The tramp and the prison chief."
• "Green about Pushkin."
• A gray car.
• "Pillory".
• "The story ended thanks to the bullet".
• "Long way".
• "Forest drama".
• "The navigator of the Four Winds."
• "Legless".
• "The episode in the capture of the fort" Cyclops. "
• "Fire and Water".
• "Voice and eye".
• "The Life of Gnor".
• The Voice of the Siren.
• "Bet".
• "Watercolors" and others.

Not only the prose was written by Alexander Greene, the poems also often came out from under his pen. But the main thing in his work was, and certainly remains, prose.

"Scarlet Sails"

In 1923, wrote Alexander Stepanovich Green "Scarlet Sails." This is a romantic story about the girl Assol. Her father is a former sailor Longren. He earned by making and selling models of ships. Once, during a storm, innkeeper Menners was carried away by boat to the sea. Longren was near, but did not even attempt to save him. When the former sailor saw that Menners had gone far and no chance to save him, he shouted to him that his wife had asked the innkeeper to help her, but he did not. Soon the fellow countrymen learned that Longren watched calmly as a man perishes, and did not even try to help. He was hated. Longren explained his act by blaming Menners for the death of his wife. When Assol was born, he was in a swim. The birth was difficult, and Mary (wife of Longren) had to spend all money on treatment. And then the woman turned to the innkeeper for help. She asked him for a loan. And he said that it would help if she was not a touchy fellow. Mary was a faithful wife and a decent woman, she could not go for this. The spouse of the former sailor had to go to the city to lay a ring. There was a terrible weather, Mary caught a cold, fell ill and soon died. Longren remained alone with his little daughter in his arms. He had to give up work at sea. But, despite his story about the innkeeper's guilt in the death of his wife, the locals began to treat him very badly. The spiteful attitude towards Longren also spread to Assol, although she was an innocent child. No one wanted to be friends with the girl. Her father replaced her mother and girlfriends.

Once Assol went to the city to carry for sale the toys made by her father. She especially liked one of them. It was a ship with sails made of scarlet silk. The girl played with him. Aigle approached Assol and said that when she grows up, the prince will come for her on a ship with scarlet sails. When she talked about what the storyteller told her father, they overheard their conversation, and everyone found out that Assol was waiting for the prince. Above her, they began to laugh and consider her crazy.

Another character in the story is Arthur Gray. He was a representative of a noble family. The young man was decent, fearless, resolute, sympathetic and always helped everyone. The young man dreamed of the sea and adventures. One day he escaped from the house and entered the schooner as a sailor. The captain appreciated the love of the sea, as well as the perseverance and mind of the young sailor. He began to teach him. At the age of 20, Arthur became captain and acquired his own galleon. Once fate brought his ship to Caperna, where she lived Assol. Gray saw her and realized that she was not like everyone else, but, like himself, a bit out of this world. In the tavern, he learned that the girl was waiting for a ship with scarlet sails. He went to the city. There the captain bought a scarlet silk in the shop. The next morning a stunning white ship arrived in Caperna. He had scarlet sails. Gray took Assol to the ship and took him with him. Everything happened as predicted by Aigle. The inhabitants of Caperna were shocked.

"Running on the waves"

This is a novel that Alexander Green wrote again about the sea. With a young man, Thomas had strange things. At first he saw a girl who descended from the steamer, who acted fascinatingly around them. The next day he spent time playing cards and clearly heard a female voice that said: "Running on the waves." Only he heard it alone. A day later he saw a ship in the port with the name "Running on the waves." The young man thought that there was a connection between all these events. He decided to become a passenger of a ship, whose name he heard from playing cards. Once on the ship, the young man discovers there is a portrait of a beautiful girl. The captain tells him that a ship was built by a certain Ned Senyel. And this portrait was written with his daughter Beech. Ned went bankrupt and sold the ship to the current owner. At night, the captain made fun on the ship with the women. Hearing the cries of one of them, Thomas intervened and entered a fight. The captain was furious with this act of a passenger. The young man was put in a boat and descended into the open sea. In the boat was a girl. When she spoke to him, he was sure that it was this voice he heard playing cards. She introduced herself as Frezi Grant. The girl advised him to keep his course to the south, where he would be picked up by the ship. After that, I jumped to the water and went along the waves. Caught on the ship that Frey spoke of, Thomas heard the legend. It was said that this girl is the one who was shipwrecked and helps. On the ship, Thomas met Desi, who soon became his wife. On the fate of "Running on the waves," they learned that the ship was found abandoned near a desert island. Why the crew left him - remains a mystery.

In memory of the writer

The name of Alexander Green is worn by museums, streets, festivals and so on. In 1978, Soviet astronomers discovered the planet, which was given the name "Grinevia". In honor of the writer in 2012, a passenger ship was named. In Kirov there is a library of Alexander Green, as well as in Nizhny Novgorod, Feodosia, Moscow and Slobodsky. Every year in St. Petersburg, a holiday for alumni called "Scarlet Sails" takes place. Museums of Alexander Green are in the Old Crimea, in Feodosia, in Kirov and in Sloboda. On the 120th anniversary of the writer's birth, a literary prize was established. Also named after A. Greene are festivals, conferences and readings. In the Old Crimea, Naberezhnye Chelny, Gelendzhik, Feodosia, Moscow, Slobodsky and Arkhangelsk there are streets named after the writer. In Kirov there is a gymnasium and the embankment named after Alexander Green. And also installed his bronze bust.

Criticism

Alexander Greene literary critics have always been perceived in different ways. Before the revolution, some accused him of imitating E. Poe, J. London and E. Hoffmann. His works were not taken seriously. Others thought that there was nothing wrong with being like Western writers, especially since it was not impotent imitation or parody. They said that the works of A. Greene are saturated with a thirst for strong feelings and belief in life. Soon, A. Greene formed the opinion that he was a master of the plot. In the 1920s, Alexander Stepanovich was written that he was one of the few who knew the word fully. Maxim Gorky called him a useful storyteller. In the 1920s and 1940s, A. Greene was considered to be inconsistent with Soviet ideology. After the Great Patriotic War, he was called "the preacher of cosmopolitanism", a third-rate writer who is not a major phenomenon of literature, his works were banned. In the post-Soviet era, critics began to write about Alexander Stepanovich, that under adventure and adventure in his works, high artistic thought and a complex personal concept are hidden. Some modern critics consider A. Greene naive, not adapted to the world and retained to the end of life youthful maximalism.