Adenomatosis of the uterus - what is it?

Endometrial adenomatosis refers to atypical (focal or diffuse) endometrial hyperplasia, in fact, being a precancerous condition.

The precancerous process is a certain pathology, which with different degrees of probability can turn into cancer. The precancerous hyperplastic process has the possibility of reverse development, only 10% actually turns into an oncology. Adenomatosis of the uterus should be taken seriously by the doctors.

Description of the disease

To the hyperplastic processes in the endometrium is directly related hormonal dysfunction. In this case, there are often uterine bleeding and infertility. They appear for the reason that there is hyperestrogenism. The excessive amount of estrogens in the endometrium leads to quantitative and qualitative structural changes, which provokes the growth and thickening of its internal structures. So there is an adenomatosis of the cervix.

Hyperplastic processes are of several types, depending on the type of cells that realize these processes in the body:

- glandular hyperplasia;

- diffuse hyperplasia;

- Focal hyperplasia.

Let's consider each of them in more detail.

Glandular hyperplasia

When glandular structures increase, glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium develops. Sometimes this leads to cystic-enlarged formations in the luminal glands, then the glandular-cystic hyperplasia is diagnosed. Atypical cells appear and grow in the endometrium, which is typical for adenomatosis.

It is important to understand that if the brain function is impaired, especially if the hypothalamus suffers, as well as the weakened immunity and metabolic syndrome, there is cancer in the case of glandular hyperplasia. And regardless of age.

Diffuse hyperplasia

In some cases, the spread of hyperplastic processes occurs over the entire surface of the endometrium, then specialists reveal diffuse hyperplasia. That is, a diffuse hyperplastic process leads to diffuse adenomatosis.

Focal hyperplasia

In addition, there is a focal form of hyperplasia. Endometrioid tissue proliferation occurs in a limited area. Then this outgrowth disappears into the uterine cavity, than it becomes similar to the polyp. Focal adenomatosis is a polyp in which there are atypical cells.

The adenomatosis of the uterus is treated mainly surgically. Further forecast is determined by several factors:

- the age of the patient;

- the nature of hormonal disorders;

- concomitant neuroendocrine diseases;

- the state of immunity.

Some women are interested in the question of what is the difference between adenomatosis of the uterus and endometrial adenomatosis? It's the same atypical process. The term "adenomatosis of the uterus" is not entirely correct, since atypia affects only the inner layer, which is the endometrium. And in the uterus itself there are several layers.

Fibrosis and adenomatosis

Fibrous adenomatosis as a diagnosis does not exist. Fibrosis is a pathology in which connective tissue proliferates, adenomatosis - glandular proliferation. Mixed nature pathology can also have what will be called fibrocystic hyperplasia.

Adenomatosis can be not only in the uterus. It happens in the mammary glands, but in fact these pathological processes are completely different. Adenomatosis of mammary glands is Reclus disease, when benign formation of small-sized cysts occurs. We examined the adenomatosis of the cervix. What it is, it became clearer.

What are the causes of endometrial adenomatosis?

The causes of atypical cell transformation are the same factors that provoke hyperplastic processes in the endometrium. Reliable causes of adenomatosis are not known. Of course, provoking factors are constantly being studied, but so far it can not be said exactly what exactly is the triggering mechanism of the atypical process in the endometrium. But the more there are various unfavorable conditions, the more likely the development of pathology.

The first place among all provoking factors endometrial adenomatosis takes a hormonal failure. Violated neurohumoral regulation of the work of the entire human body. Estrogens and gestagens are involved in physiological cyclic changes in the uterus. First of all, due to estrogen, there is an increase in the inner mucous layer. But the work of gestagens is to stop the growth of the endometrium in a timely manner and there was a rejection of it.

With excessive amounts of estrogens, the growth of the endometrium is uncontrolled. Hyperestrogenism can occur for various reasons:

- the hormonal function of the ovaries is disturbed;

- Anovulation occurs;

- the cycle becomes single-phase;

- there is hyperplasia of the endometrium.

With polycystic ovaries, anovulation is chronic. This is also a kind of provoking factor to the development of hyperplasia. If a woman takes hormones uncontrolled, the hormonal background may suffer from this. This will trigger a hyperplastic process in the endometrium.

If there is simultaneous hyperestrogenism, extragenital pathology and neuroendocrine disorders in the body, the probability of adenomatosis is increasing. A woman with obesity and hypertension is exposed to endometrial cancer 10 times more than that with normal weight and blood pressure.

What are the other reasons for hyperestrogenism? Often diseases of the liver and bile ducts lead to this pathology, because it is the liver that uses estrogens.

So, there is uncontrolled growth of the inner layer of the uterus, which leads to the formation of atypical cells. This is the endometrial adenomatosis. What is the treatment for the diagnosis of cervical adenomatosis? About this further.

Symptoms of endometrial adenomatosis

As a rule, there are no obvious symptoms of adenomatosis, since atypical cells can only be detected by a laboratory method. First, a hyperplastic process is detected, after which it is necessary to clarify its character.

There are some symptoms of hyperplasia, which must be noted:

- the character of bleeding is changed - the monthly ones become abundant, the blood appears outside the cycle;

- painful sensations in the lower abdomen and in the lower back before menstruation and during it;

- the manifestation of the metabolic syndrome - excess weight, excessive hairiness in the male type, an increase in the level of insulin in the blood;

- Fertility is broken - it is impossible to conceive and endure a child;

- presence of mastopathy;

- inflammation of the genitourinary system;

- pain during sexual intercourse, blood discharge after it.

Is the uterus adenomatous on ultrasound?

With the help of ultrasound scanning, the thickness and structure of the endometrium is determined. The transvaginal sensor is good with this study cope. What kind of hyperplastic process is observed - focal or diffuse - this scan will show. In the end, if diffuse hyperplasia is detected, then we can assume the presence of diffuse adenomatosis. It is impossible to visualize it using a sensor, since there are no distinctive features.

Focal adenomatosis of the uterus is easy to detect, because it is visualized as a polyp. Although the nature of cellular changes is also not detectable. Atypia is not traced by ultrasonic scanning.

A scraping of the uterine mucosa is done, after which this material is sent for histological examination. This method of diagnosis is very important in adenomatosis. The composition of the cell, its structural change, and also to what extent and severity it is atypical. If atypia is not detected, then this indicates a benign course of hyperplasia.

Often, surgical scraping of the uterine cavity is performed, and then the material is examined. This can help hysteroscopy for visual control during the total evacuation of the uterine mucosa.

Adenomatosis of the uterus: treatment

The presence of adenomatosis in a woman can be the cause of infertility, but even with successful conception against the background of the disease, premature termination of pregnancy can occur.

Treatment in the first place consists of the fact that the modified endometrium is mechanically removed. Thus, surgically eliminate the source of pathological changes, in addition, receive scraping for histological examination. When the results are obtained, depending on this, the treatment plan is determined.

Individual treatment is prescribed hormonal therapy and surgery. If a girl is young, then specialists are limited to hormone treatment. A patient who is at an age close to menopause, together with hormone therapy, performs a radical surgical operation - removal of the uterus and appendages. This significantly reduces the likelihood of adenomatosis transition to cancer. You can save a woman's life.

It is important to understand that early diagnosis of adenomatosis is most desirable, in this case the risk of oncology is minimal. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly visit a gynecologist, undergo a comprehensive examination, and take all necessary tests. We examined in this article adenomatosis of the endometrium of the uterus. Take care of your health!