What is an excuse in Russian?

As you know, the Russian language is incredibly rich in both lexical and morphological terms. That is why foreigners have to spend far more than one year studying at least his oral speech with all the grammar and syntax. And, like any other language, apart from the independent parts of speech, it needs also service to associate words in the sentence, the convenience of declension, the correct posing of questions. Therefore, in this article, we will analyze one of these categories, namely: what is an excuse, what is it for and how to use it correctly.

Concept and definition

As already mentioned, prepositions refer to the service parts of speech and serve to connect words in a sentence. More precisely, they express the dependence of nouns, pronouns and numerals on other words. Thus, they can show the relationship either between two objects (cloth with a pattern), or between an action and an object (go to the pier), or between a feature and an object (the most beautiful in the class). From conjunctions prepositions differ in that they carry out the connection of words strictly within a simple sentence; Except for their use are homogeneous terms, in the rest their function is extensive. Their similarity with other official parts of speech lies in the fact that their properties are limited, we'll talk about this later.

Properties of prepositions as parts of speech

First, they can not act as independent members in the proposal and are always attached to the word with which they are used, being an integral member with it. For example, in the sentence "The full moon was reflected in the river," the preposition "c" together with the word "river" is emphasized as a circumstance. Secondly, since we have found out what is an excuse, it, like other service words, can not be changed in case, gender, time and numbers, unlike the parts of speech with which they are used. However, they always form part of the question when declining nouns, pronouns and numerals by case, and even help to do this, simplifying the task for the students. For example, try to decline the word "mother".

• I.P .: Who is standing by the stove? - Mama.
• RP: A new dress for whom? - Mom.
• V.P .: Dad loves whom? - Mom.
• D.P .: I will go for advice to whom? - to mom.
• TN: Grandma is proud of who? - Mom.
• P.P .: I will write poetry about whom? - about my mother.

Location in the offer

In addition, in order to understand what a preposition is as a part of speech, it is necessary to learn how to quickly find them in the text. Most often they are adjacent to nouns and pronouns, and therefore are located in front of them. For example, on the desk, at the table, in front of me, etc. If, before the word with which they are used, there is a definition (adjective, numeral, possessive pronoun, participle), then the preposition "lets it" forward and rises before it. For example: on a wooden desk, at my desk, for a long time, etc. However, there are some turns in which prepositions are used after the word to which they refer. These are either established phrases or stylistic features of the author. For example: why.

Classification of prepositions

For the convenience of studying morphology, all parts of speech are divided into types, types, and categories by some unifying feature. A similar division exists in the case of service words, it helps to better understand what is an excuse in Russian, and why it is used.

So, there are 3 classifications of this part of speech.

First, by origin, prepositions are subdivided into non-derivatives ("primitives", that is, they initially refer to service words: to, from, to, under, for, for, etc.) and derivatives (were formed from another part Speech). The latter, in turn, can be verbatim (thanks, later, despite, despite), abusive (due, during, in the continuation, in view, like, in effect) and otnarichnymi (inside, near, behind, in front).

Secondly, in composition there are simple (consisting of one word and have one root: k, on, from, for), complex (several words: in spite of) and compound (one word, several roots) prepositions (examples : From under, because of).

By the semantic meaning

This classification of prepositions is the most capacious, it includes 6 main categories:

1. Spaces or "places" (with a definable word answer the question "where?"): In the table, outside the window, on the carpet, under the cupboard.
2. Time - "when?" How long? ": For half an hour, from morning to night, for a week.
3. The object is "about what?" About what? ": Write about love, talk about school.
4. The image of the action is "how?": With feeling, with love, with anxiety.
5. The reasons are "why": from boredom, from shame, from fear.
6. Goals - "why?" For whom? ": For pleasure, for my mother.

Subtleties of the theme

So, we have studied what is an excuse and how it is classified by structure, origin and rank. For those who have not yet fully understood the complexities of this part of the speech, we will explain some tricks. So, for example, a rather difficult topic: what is a derivative preposition and how to distinguish it in a sentence. Assistant in this always serves the question, since to an independent part of speech it can be asked, and to the service one - no. For example, in the sentence: "There were many bends in the course of the river," the second word is a noun ("where? - in current"). In another case (within an hour I could not fall asleep) this is an excuse, since a single question is asked for the expression ("how long?" For an hour). From here there is another difficulty, namely, it is necessary to correctly determine how prepositions are written - with "E" at the end or with "I". For this you will have to learn them by heart: during, during, after, but afterwards.