What are molars? Tooth-molar: features of the structure

In the oral cavity a healthy person should have 28 or 32 teeth. This number depends on whether the wisdom teeth have already grown or not. But how correctly are all the teeth called? And what is a tooth molar? Not every person knows the answers to these questions. But all the same to understand these and many other issues it is necessary to have an idea about the health of your own teeth and the structure of the oral cavity.

What kind of teeth are molars?

These teeth have many names : chewing, molars. Undoubtedly, the latter is the most faithful and most frequently used in dentistry. A logical question arises, molars are what teeth? Finding them in your mouth is very easy - these are the biggest teeth in a row. From English, "molar" is translated as "root tooth". So it is, molars are molars, despite the fact that they appear quite in childhood.

The latest tooth molar in each row is the wisdom tooth. It can erupt in 40 years, or it may not come out at all. In any case, this will be the norm. Also called molars are 2 more teeth in each arc of the dentition, which precede the wisdom teeth. That is, only in the oral cavity should be from 8 to 12 molars, depending on whether the teeth of wisdom have been cut. In children up to 6 years of molars only 8, and they are dairy. That is, from 6 to 12 years, these teeth fall out, and in their place there will already be permanent molars.

Structure

These teeth differ even among themselves. The structure of molars of the upper and lower jaw has significant differences. The first tooth molar is the largest. The others are smaller than the first, the sizes decrease from the first to the third. The molar of the upper row has a more powerful root than the lower molar: in the upper 3 roots, in the lower row there are 2 roots. The tooth of the second molar over the area of the crown is much smaller than the first. But nevertheless, all 3 molars on each dental arch have a powerful crown, since they are intended for chewing and grinding food.

On the crown of the molars and the upper and lower row there are tubercles: in norm they are from 3 to 5 on each tooth. The tubercles of the upper molars are more acute and protruding, especially this refers to the buccal tubercles. Language is more rounded. And lower molars can be noted lower and blunt tubercles. True, unlike the upper molars, the lingual tubercles of the lower molars are just more pointed and protruding, compared to the buccal tubercles.

With regard to the size of the teeth, the molars of the lower row are larger than similar teeth of the upper. Only the wisdom teeth can differ in shape and structure. These molars can have 2 and 3 roots. And the shape of the crown can be varied. These teeth of wisdom differ from all others: they are impermanent, and one can not foresee what form they will be.

Teeth-molars and premolars: what is their difference

Usually these parents are confused by their parents, who do not understand why, when molar molars fall out, they are followed not by indigenous, but by premolars? The explanation for this phenomenon is very simple: the oral cavity grows and the molar molars get out behind the molar molars. The premolars are located behind the fangs and are much smaller than the molars. The first premolar has 2 roots, and the rest has 1. The total premolars in the oral cavity 8: 4 on each jaw.

Unlike molars, premolars are not present in the milk bite. Children have too small jaws to accommodate such a large number of teeth. Though premolars are considered to be the smallest molars, one can not say that they are very small in size. Premolar is also intended for grinding and chewing food. In shape they resemble fangs, only the crown is much wider than the fangs. At the very crown of the premolar are 2 hillocks.

At what age do you see milk molars?

The eruption of molars in a small child is surely remembered by every parent. After all, these teeth get out much more painfully than the rest, not counting the fangs. In molar bite molars only 8 (2 on each dental arch of the upper and lower jaw). They are located immediately behind the fangs, but are cut considerably before them.

The first molars begin to erupt mainly after the child reaches one year. Like all other teeth, they get out of the way. The very first, as a rule, cuts the molar in the lower jaw. Followed by a tooth-molar in the upper jaw. The first milk molars should normally erupt before the baby reaches 18-20 months. And in the same period can begin to get out and fangs - the most painful teeth. Therefore, the age of up to 2 years is considered the time of eruption of the heaviest teeth.

As for the second molar molars, they appear after about 2 years, sometimes a little earlier or later. Normally, these teeth are cut to 2.5 years. But not always the deviation from the norm is any pathology. Earlier or later eruption of teeth-molars can be caused by genetic predisposition or heredity.

When are molar molars replaced by indigenous molars?

Milk teeth in children begin to be replaced with a constant from about 5 years. And molars are the first to appear. The child's teeth change in the reverse order from the way they appeared. Root molars do not replace any teeth: they appear on empty places, which are formed due to the growth of the jaw. So molars - what teeth are they? These are the latest teeth, which are located immediately behind the molars. The first molars are sometimes called six-year-olds, because about this age they are already beginning to appear.

Molar molars, in turn, drop out from 9 to 12 years. In their place, root premolars erupt. These teeth appear immediately after the fallen dairy, that is, approximately at the age of 10 to 12 years. On average, by the age of 14, the child does not have a single milk tooth, but there are also rare exceptions in dental practice, when the milk teeth do not drop out before the age of 18 or even later. If the teeth begin to fall before 5 years, this is an occasion to go to the dentist, since early tooth loss can be associated with trauma, malocclusion, deliberate loosening or running caries.

Is it necessary to loosen milk molars?

The one that appears at the age after 1 year, the molar is a dairy tooth. Of course, one day he will start to loosen up and fall out. Often, parents, when they learn that a child begins to loose a tooth, they suggest that it be shattered so that the tooth falls out faster. But is it possible to accelerate the natural process of tooth loss? Whether it is fraught with problems with an oral cavity in the future? Hardly parents think about it. After all, they were taught in their childhood that the tooth should be loosened and pulled out.

Dentists say that you can not deliberately loosen your baby's teeth. After all, if you speed up the process of tooth loss, the process of growth of the jaw can slow down and the root tooth will come out of place. It happens that the problem of crowding or curvature of teeth in adulthood is associated with the wrong actions during the change of teeth.

This also applies to milk molars. In no case should not they be shaken to speed up the process of loss. The maxillofacial apparatus of the child prepares itself for a change of teeth independently and it is impossible to violate this natural process.

How to understand that the molars will soon erupt?

Symptoms of early eruption of molars differ somewhat from the eruption of dairy. After all, when the milk teeth appear, the gums swell, salivation increases, the children become restless, they can sleep badly, refuse to eat. Sometimes even a runny nose appears due to reduced immunity against the background of teething. In rare cases, babies even have diarrhea. But, when it comes to molars, there is one main symptom - the growth of the jaw and the appearance of free space behind the milk molars. It is in this free place that the molars die.

In addition, a very important symptom is the appearance of gaps between the teeth - trembles. They are needed for the molars to settle evenly in the oral cavity, without curvature and crowding. The absence of these trembles is fraught, in addition to unaesthetic, violation of bite. In this case, the child will have to straighten the teeth with braces or a lingual bracket system. And of course, an important symptom is the natural loosening of the milk teeth, which occurs due to resorption of the roots.

Actions when changing teeth: how to help a child move this process more easily

Parents often think that the process of changing dairy teeth to indigenous children is very painful. However, this is not the case. If you do not interfere with this process, the roots of your baby teeth gradually dissolve and your teeth can fall out even without help. Or, when it seems that the tooth is completely hanging, it can be easily reached.

With a view to disinfecting the oral cavity during the period when the baby teeth fall out, the child should be told that it is necessary to rinse the mouth. Rinses can be made and a special tool, decoction of chamomile or even simple warm water.

Sometimes it happens that after the loss of the tooth, the place in which he used to be (the hole) bleeds. To get rid of this, you need to attach a cotton swab to the hole or better ask the child to clamp it with his teeth. Eating and drinking is undesirable for hours 2 after tooth loss, provided that the hole is bleeding.

To the doctor urgently to address costs or stands only in the event that abaissement of milk teeth is accompanied by a high temperature, swelling of gums and strong morbid sensations. After all, the change of teeth is practically asymptomatic.

Preventive maintenance of deposition of molars

When all the molar teeth of a child have erupted, it is very important to look after them properly. After all, if you lose your molar tooth, in its place a new one will not appear. For this, parents should teach children proper oral hygiene.

First of all, you should always remember that the teeth should be cleaned 2 times a day: morning and evening. It is better to use a toothpaste containing calcium and fluoride.

And during the day, especially after every meal, it is better not to neglect rinses. You can rinse the oral cavity and ordinary warm water, most importantly - remove the remnants of food from the mouth so that they do not clog between the teeth.

The child is better not to eat much sweet and give up carbonated drinks. The use of these harmful foods can lead to the destruction of tooth enamel.

In the diet of the baby, it is better to introduce foods rich in calcium and vitamins. Calcium is essential for the health of teeth and gums. And the health of the gums also largely depends on the health of the teeth.