Well production: the formula, definition and calculation

Providing a suburban area or real estate with the necessary amount of water is the first and most important task for every owner, since the comfort of living depends on this. Usually, a well is drilled for this purpose. But how to find out at the initial stage, will there be enough water in the future?

Characteristics of the pond

Well is a hydraulic structure with its characteristics. It:

• performance;
• diameter;
• depth;
• a type.

To correctly determine its functionality, it is necessary to calculate the flow rate of the well. The exact definition of this parameter will allow you to determine whether the water intake can provide not only drinking, but also economic needs in full. In addition, the rate of the flow rate of the reservoir will help to choose the right pump equipment for feeding water masses to the surface.

Also, knowledge of the flow rate of the hydraulic structure will help workers of the repair team to choose the most optimal option for its recovery in the event of problems with the operation of the reservoir.

Classification features

Determination of the well production rate will allow to reveal the level of its productivity, which can be:

• Up to 20 m³ / day (low-productivity or low-yield).
• More than 20 m³ / day, but less than 85 (average productivity).
• From 85 m³ / day and more (high-performance).

Malodebitnye - a shallow borehole (up to 5 m), which reached only the top layer. The amount of water in them is usually small, and the quality is very doubtful, because here the moisture penetrates from the surface. If there are large motor roads or railway tracks nearby, then the contaminated water masses, passing through a small layer of soil, are not cleaned sufficiently, which is why they are practically unsuitable for drinking. The production rate of this type of well is rather limited and can range from 0.6 to 1.5 m ³ per hour.

The average waterworks usually reach a depth of 10 to 20 m. The waters in them are filtered fairly qualitatively, which is confirmed by laboratory studies, and therefore are subject to consumption even in raw form. Every hour from the average water body you can pump out 2 m ^{3 of} moisture. High-yield type hydroconstructions usually reach the lime aquifer, so the quality of the water in them is excellent, the amount is from 3 m ³ hourly.

Determination of the required amount of water

To find out exactly how much water is needed for a specific site, you need to calculate the number of cranes not only inside the house, but also outside it. Each crane assumes approximately 0.5 m³. For example, 5 valves will supply 2.5 m³ of water masses, 7 - 3.5 m³, etc. But this is when the cranes are constantly open.

After the well is drilled and a few days stand, it is necessary to measure the water level in the production pipeline. The level of the water mirror before the start of pumping is called statistical, and after pumping - dynamic. If the water loss is equal to the intensity of the selection, the mirror will stop at a certain level. But if the volume of water intake increases (decreases) or the flow of water masses becomes smaller (large), the mirror can change its level.

Performance measurement

The guarantee of long-term operation of any hydraulic engineering structure is its proper operation. For this, it is necessary to control the pressure of water at least 3-4 times a year. This is done simply: for a certain period of time any dimensional ware is filled. If its filling in each subsequent control measurement occurs in the same amount of time - the flow rate remains the same, which means that the reservoir is used correctly.

Increasing the time for filling the vessel indicates that the quantity of water masses has decreased. In order to conveniently control the situation and take appropriate measures, it is necessary to record the obtained measurement data, creating, for example, a table, and the measurements themselves should be carried out through the same period of time.

Calculation of

How to determine the flow rate of a well? To do this, you need to know the indicators of the dynamic and statistical levels. Measuring them is very simple: you need to attach a load to the rope and lower it into the pipe. The distance to the water mirror from the ground surface is the right parameter.

Make measurements before the beginning of pumping out the water and after a certain period from the beginning of pumping. The smaller the figure obtained, the higher the productivity of the reservoir. If the flow rate of the well is smaller than the pump's output, the difference in performance can be very high. Thus, the statistical level is the distance to water from the soil surface prior to the start of pumping, and the dynamic level is the measurement of the level of the location of the water mirror generated by the natural way.

Application of the formula

Having learned the time for which the liquid was pumped out and its quantity, it is possible to proceed with the necessary calculations. For this, an accurate mathematical calculation is used. It will be possible to determine the exact production rate of a well with the following notation:

• Nst, Nd - statistical and dynamic levels.
• H is the height of the water column.
• B is the capacity of the pumping device.
• D is the debit.

And now let's look at the formula itself:

• Д = H x В: (Нд - Нст), meter.

It is best to understand how to calculate the production rate of a well, the consideration of a specific example will help.

For example:

• The data of Nst is 30 m.
• The Nd data is 37 m.
• The height of the water column is 20 m.
• The capacity of the pumping unit is 2 m ³ / h.

We calculate: 20 x 2: (37 - 30) and get approximately 5.7 m ³ / h.

To test this figure, you can use a test pumping by applying a larger pump. Making calculations on the above formula, we can proceed to clarify the specific index. This will help you understand how performance increases with increasing dynamic levels. The following formula is used for calculations:

• UE = d2 - d1: n2 - n1, where
  D2, н2 - indicators of the second check,
  D1, n1 - the first,
  And UE is the specific index.

In this case, the specific indicator is the main parameter that reflects all the factors influencing the productivity of the well. It depends on the capacity of the aquifer and the design of the pipeline.

Improvement of the indicator

If the waterworks has started to decrease productivity over time, the flow rate of the well can be increased by applying one of the following methods:

• Clean the filter and the pipe.
• Check the operation of the pumping equipment.

Sometimes this helps to restore the productivity of the reservoir and do not resort to more radical measures. If the calculation of well production was poor from the very beginning, then the reason for this may be either a small amount of water masses in this source or inexperience of the masters caused that there was no exact entry into the aquifer. In this case, the only way out is to drill another well.