Masonry: technology, tools, glue consumption

Construction stores today provide an extensive range of materials and systems, a different price category and purpose. One of them is aerated concrete. It does not apply to new developments, but the greatest prevalence is observed in the last ten years. Because of the increasing popularity, more and more people are interested in the question of how the self-contained brickwork is made.

Characteristics

The basis of aerated concrete is the artificial components, previously mixed in water, such as cement, lime, sand and gas-forming additives. The structure is distinguished by the presence of a multitude of small cellular pores, because of which the blocks are characterized by a large void. The material is manufactured in the process of exposure to high temperatures and pressure, followed by curing in an autoclave. The cost of aerated concrete wall varies from 50 to 100 rubles apiece, depending on the size.

Blocks have a relatively small mass, so no special equipment is required. It is also possible to cut out any necessary shapes with a standard wood hacksaw.

disadvantages

This building material can not be called universal, and many people prefer to use other methods of construction. This is due to the presence of a sufficient number of deficiencies, the main ones being the following:

• Friability. If the laying of aerated concrete is carried out in an area with seismic activity, it is worth remembering that ground movement can lead to the occurrence of dangerous cracks in the building. This can not but affect the interior decoration of the premises. Taking into account the fact that the surface of the material is easily damaged with a screwdriver, it becomes clear that it is necessary to use special fasteners for transferring loads during fixing furniture on wall structures and creating engineering systems.
• Hygroscopicity. Reduction of this property is almost impossible, due to the presence of a multitude of pores that promote active absorption of moisture from the environment. This is especially noticeable in regions with cold winters and hot summers. Hygroscopicity leads to an increase in the level of moisture in the structure, and there is also a possibility of cracks on the wall surface, since the aerated concrete masonry absorbs water, which starts to freeze at negative temperatures and expand, damaging the material.

The drawbacks mentioned above, though serious enough, can be dealt with. Suitable dowels for installation, external insulation and high-quality moisture insulation will eliminate them.

Materials and Tools

Before starting work, you need to prepare the following:

• Cement solution;
• Special adhesive;
• level;
• trowel;
• Armature;
• Rubber hammer;
• putty knife;
• Grinding board.

Consumption of glue

In the modern market, there are many compositions for working with materials characterized by a high level of moisture absorption, such as aerated concrete, whose dimensions are on the average 30x20x60 cm, and foam concrete. It is also possible to use solutions for processing and puttying the surfaces obtained.

The use of glue does not cause any difficulties. All components simply mix in specified proportions. The work can be greatly simplified using a special drill with a mixer attachment.

When applying the material in a layer of 1 cm, about 1.5 kg of dry composition is needed for 1 square meter of blocks. In the presence of irregularities, the consumption of glue increases. It is desirable to use the mixture on a fine-grained basis, thereby reducing the likelihood of forming "cold bridges".

Advantages of the adhesive

The adhesive for the gas block has many advantages that cement mortar can not boast of. Fractional sand and Portland cement contained in the composition provide the possibility of distribution of the mixture by a thin layer, which allows to reduce the consumption without changing the quality of the connecting characteristics. Adhesive properties and uniform filling are achieved by the addition of polymer components. Specific modifying additives provide moisture retention.

Hardening of the glue is characterized by the absence of shrinkage, it also has water resistance, ductility and sufficient adhesion. When using this material, installation of the unit should be carried out within 10-20 minutes, about 5 minutes is spent on correction. After preparation, the mixture must be consumed no later than three hours. Under conditions of low temperatures, the time of use of the formulation is reduced. During work during the winter period, special attention must be given to the thickness of the joints and the completeness of their filling.

Course of work

The technology of laying aerated concrete includes the construction of the foundation of the building, which acts as the basis for the first row of blocks. The plinth should be at a distance of 60-80 cm from the surface of the ground. Required laying waterproofing between aerated concrete and the base of construction.

For installation of the first row, a solution distributed on the waterproofing layer is used. Wall masonry of aerated concrete, regardless of the type of structure, is always made from the corner. To do this, each of them is pre-tensioned with a cord, which verifies the correct installation of all the units, while for testing, the building level is additionally used . The rubber hammer allows you to change the location of the elements. It should be noted that in the glutinous mixture is not necessary when using blocks with the "groove-comb" system. The cost of aerated concrete of this type is about 100 rubles apiece. All irregularities should be removed after mounting each row, after which a grinding board for grouting is used.

The additional elements must be pre-sawn. Due to their composition, the work can be done with the help of an ordinary hacksaw. It is possible to use a band saw to ensure a more even cut. In this case, each time the accuracy should be measured with a square.

Installation of the next row is made after 2-3 hours from the moment of completion of the laying of the lower one. Angular bandaging of blocks is an integral part of the work for each series. The rubber hammer periodically corrects the protruding elements.

Features

The laying of aerated concrete requires careful adherence to the rules for joining walls. In internal partitions, every second row should have a connection with the main wall structure, it is formed by means of staples or anchors, on which a perforated galvanized strip is fixed. Also do not forget about hydro and sound insulation of interior partitions.

Planning of slabs between floors should provide for a support on the reinforced belt. It is performed on the last row of blocks and represents a concrete belt with reinforcement in the form of reinforcing elements. It carries many functions, among which: uniform separation of load from the roofing system, protection of wall structures from the occurrence of cracks. To connect the walls to the roof, a Mauerlat is used, which is fixed on the armopoyas.

Reinforcement of the structure

Aerated concrete, the dimensions of which vary depending on the purpose and shape, for example, the dimensions of the direct block for the creation of partitions are 600х250х150 mm, it is quite brittle material and requires reinforcing works. The purpose of this process is to reduce the load that the roof of the building or interfloor overlap has. Reinforcement of the masonry provides additional structural strength and extends the service life.

Works are necessarily conducted on the first row, as well as on every third. In addition, the belt, located under the interfloor overlapping, window and door openings is reinforced.

Shot grooves are cut along the perimeter of the wall masonry for mounting the reinforcement. Most often, two strips with a width of not more than 4 cm are sufficient. They should be 6-8 cm apart. For pouring, any semi-liquid solutions for the laying of aerated concrete are used, preliminaries are cleaned of dust. The reinforcement elements are completely submerged in the solution, the diameter of which should be about 10 mm. The solution that leaves the surface is immediately removed. Stacking of the next rows can be performed immediately, without waiting for the solution to dry.

Work in the cold season

Wall masonry is desirable to implement at plus temperature, otherwise there are additional costs for heating the building material. The glue for the gas block contains a sufficient amount of water, because of what it quickly freezes in the cold and does not have time to fix the structure.

The creation of load-bearing walls at a negative temperature can be carried out under the condition of an average daily level of at least -6 ° C, and there should also be a prolonged freezing of the structure and atmospheric precipitation. In this case, a solution containing antifreeze additives should be used . The finished mixture is consumed within 30 minutes, while warm water is used for cooking. On the applied layer of glue the blocks are immediately packed, not allowing breaks. Otherwise, the mass icing and work on this place will become impossible. A film is used to cover the last row.

Cost and material retention

Blocks should be stored in suitable conditions to prevent loss of technological properties and quality. If at least a month passes from the date of purchase to use, the factory packaging is not removed from the material, which protects it from the negative influence of the environment. It needs to be removed a few days before the work starts, so that excess moisture has time to evaporate.

The cost of laying aerocrete blocks is affected by the costs of transportation, the properties of the material itself and the costs of construction. Also it is worth remembering about the volume of purchases and seasonality, which also have a significant impact.

The price of a cubic meter of material depends on the marking of blocks, strength indicators and is in the range of 2000-4500 rubles. Additional factors besides the purchased volume and time of the year include the availability of shares and the manufacturer.