Wanderers and their creativity. Russian artists of the 19th century

The legacy left by the Peredvizhniki artists is truly great and multifaceted. They began to depict in their pictures of ordinary people, their way of life, customs, emotions and emotional state. On the canvases of the Peredvizhniki artists, one can also see stories from Russian history that embody the unyielding strength of the spirit of the common people. Among the masterpieces of this era there are also portraits of eminent people and nobility.

History of the partnership

The Peredvizhniki artists were the first Russian realists. They contrasted their creativity with strict academic canons, far from the modern reality and the demands of today's life. The association of traveling exhibitions was organized in St. Petersburg. The history of the creation of this community is interesting. In 1863, fourteen of the best graduates of the Academy of Arts demanded permission from the management to freely choose the theme of the contest. Having been refused, young students, without hesitation, left the school, organizing a free artel. In 1870, on the initiative of V. Perov, together with the artists of Moscow, they established the Association of Mobile Exhibitions. The first exhibition was opened already in 1871. In their works, young realists sought to depict the true life of a constantly suffering and oppressed peasantry, under the rule of the rich and the landlords. Exhibitions, arranged by artists, the Wanderers, had a huge success, and at the most diverse levels of the population.

Forty-eight exhibitions have been held in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Riga, Yaroslavl, Tula, Saratov, Chisinau, Kazan, Kursk, Voronezh, Poltava, Kharkov, Odessa, Kiev and other cities. "People's expositions" also began to be arranged in small towns, villages and villages. Enlightenment of the common people is one of the ideas pursued by the Wanderers. The list of participants in this community includes the best sculptors and painters of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Among them are not a few well-known GG Myasoedov, V. Petrov, I. Kramskoy, K. Savitsky, G. Savrasov, A. Kuindzhi, I. Shishkin, I. Repin, V. Vasnetsov, I. Levitan, S. Ivanov, A. Arkhipov and other eminent personalities.

Creative activity

November 29, 1871 in St. Petersburg, the opening of the first traveling exhibition. The exposition presented works of sixteen painters. Forty-seven paintings were put on the audience. Later, already in Moscow, the number of exhibited paintings reached 82. The same exposition was subsequently transported to Kiev and Kharkov. Such paintings by Russian artists as the Wanderers, such as "May Night" (I. Kramskoy), "Hunters at Rest", "Portrait of merchant I. Kamynin", "Fishermen", "Portrait of A. N. Ostrovsky" (V. Perova), Rooks Have Arrived (A. Savrasova), Porozhnyaki (I. Pryanishnikov) entered the history of Russian art. In their works, the realists relied not only on the experience of Russian painting, but also on the achievements of classical and modern world art. Many representatives of the association in different years in the direction of the Academy of Arts visited foreign countries, where they adopted the experience of their colleagues, studied painting of different eras and styles. Their observations and impressions of what they saw were realized in the works. The creativity of the Peredvizhniki artists largely determined the movement of world painting of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Alexey Savrasov

The landscape painter. He is one of the founders of the Association of Wanderers. In 1844, the young artist, contrary to the will of his father, entered the school of painting, which successfully ends in 1850. The first landscapes of Alexei Kondratyevich - "View of the Kremlin in inclement weather", "View of Moscow from Vorobyovy Gory" - are imbued with the ideas of romanticism. Savrasov actively participates in exhibitions, teaches at the School of Sculpture and Painting. In 1862, he traveled abroad, where he visited the London Art Exhibition, Paris, Munich, Dresden, Berlin, Copenhagen, etc. German and English painters especially attracted the attention of the artist to their desire for independence and truth. During this period, Alexei Kondratievich wrote one of his famous paintings - "Losiny Ostrov", for which he was later awarded a prize at a contest in Moscow. Since 1870, he traveled with Russia along Russia (Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Novgorod). His impressions of the beauty of his native nature, he conveys in the pictures. So there is a "Spillway of the Volga" and "Rooks arrived." These paintings were presented at the first exhibition, which was organized by Russian artists, the Wanderers. In works written in the 870's, there is more and more anxiety and sadness: "Sunset over the marsh", "Moonlit Night", "Graves on the Volga", "Rye". The last years of his life the artist spent in deep need.

Ivan Shishkin

The names of the artists of the Wanderers are known far beyond the homeland. A striking example is Shishkin. It is with his name that the history of the native landscape is connected, his creations have become a national classic and have gained immense popularity. The future artist was born in the small town of Yelabuga in the family of a merchant in 1832. In 1848 he entered Kazan Gymnasium, but did not finish it. Returning home, a long time is in search of its further path. In twenty years young Shishkin enters the school of painting, where he immerses himself in studies and creativity. The artist constantly draws. It is inspired by nature, forest and rural landscapes, peasant life. The first work of Shishkin, which has survived to our times, is "Pine on a rock". The oil painting was written in 1855. In 1856 Ivan Ivanovich entered the Academy of Arts (St. Petersburg). His early works are imbued with romance. In 1858 he wrote one of his most famous paintings "View on the island of Valaam." For this work in 1860 at an academic exhibition he was awarded a gold medal. After graduating from the Academy (1860) Shishkin goes abroad. During this period he creates a well-known masterpiece "View in the vicinity of Dusseldorf", presented at the exhibition in Paris. Upon his return to his homeland, Ivan Ivanovych draws closer to I. Kramskoy, the founder of the Artel of Artists. In the following years, he wrote a number of landscapes ("In the vicinity of Moscow", "Felling forests", "Ship Grove", "Creek in the Forest"). He constantly exhibits his works at exhibitions, which are arranged by Russian artists, the Wanderers. And to this day the masterpieces of this great landscape painter are very popular.

Ivan Nikolayevich Kramskoy

Russian artists, the Wanderers of the 19th century, created a huge portrait gallery. In their works they depicted the best people of the country, prominent figures of science, culture. Many masterpieces were written by the order of the well-known patron and collector P. Tretyakov. A truly brilliant portraitist was I. Kramskoy. The strengths of this talented artist's and psychologist's talents appeared in the portrait of Leo Tolstoy. This masterpiece was written in 1873 in Yasnaya Polyana. At the forefront of the artist puts forward a clear and wise mind of the writer. The image of the famous Russian writer is built on the basis of contrast (internal significance and external simplicity). Another significant work of Kramskoy is the painting "A Desolate Grief," which conveys the depth of maternal feelings. In the 1860-1870 he actively participates in the organization of exhibitions, which were conducted by the artists of the Wanderers. At the second exhibition, Kramskoy's work "Christ in the Desert" was presented. The artist's heritage, in the main, consists of portraits of ordinary people: "Polesovshchik", "Unknown", "Peasant with a bridle", etc.

Ilya Repin

Perhaps the most significant phenomenon in the history of Russian painting was the picture "Burlaki." In his work, the artist colorfully showed the image of a simple people. Before Repin, no one addressed such a tragic and stunning story. In this masterpiece the artist showed his masterful mastery of all the means of art in perfection. Another significant creation of Repin is "The Procession in the Kursk Province." Written in 1883, the picture attracts an unusual picturesque and compositional solution. The religious procession depicted in the picture represents the collective image of the village with all its groups and classes. With special love and sympathy, the author managed to draw images of simple peasants. A special place in the work of the painter is the revolutionary theme. He created the paintings "Under escort", "Did not wait", "Refusal of confession". In the 1880s, Ilya Efimovich turned to the portrait genre, depicting prominent figures of the present, such as D. Mendeleev, A. Delvig, M. Glinka, and others.

Vasily Maximovich Maksimov

His first artistic skills he received in the icon painting workshops. Vasily Maksimovich graduated to the St. Petersburg Art Academy in the class of historical painting. The artist devoted all his work to depicting the original peasant world. His paintings are not striking in the sharpness of the scenes and bright colors. However, this feature only attracted the attention of connoisseurs of art. His most famous works are: "All in the past", "Sick husband", "Family section". As well as many other artists-peredvizhniki of the 19th century, Vasily Maksimovich in his work sought to reflect as much as possible the creative ideals and values of his time.

Vasily Grigorievich Perov

He was born in Tobolsk in 1834. In adolescence, a young artist enters the School of Painting. His first significant work is "The arrival of the police department for the investigation". Masterpieces written in the young years, had a huge success at traveling exhibitions. Soon for the painting "Sermon in the village" Vasily Grigorievich was awarded a gold medal. His first paintings reflect the author's social and critical direction. A striking example is the "Rural Cross Procession for Easter", "Sermon in the Village", etc. In later years Perov appears as a portraitist-landscape painter. He owns portraits of F. Dostoyevsky and A. Ostrovsky. It was Vasily Grigorievich who was one of the initiators of the Association's active operations.

Abram Efimovich Arkhipov

This artist is given an important place in the genre painting of that time. In his masterpieces, Arkhipov portrayed the life of a simple rural people as truthfully as possible. His paintings "Reverse", "On the Oka", have received wide recognition throughout the world. In some of his works he reveals social problems ("Washerwomen", "Bachelors", etc.), depicting heavy peasant labor.