What is education is the interpretation and meaning of the word. What is the secondary and municipal education?

In the Russian legislation there is a sufficiently clear definition, which explains what education is. It should be understood as a purposeful process of education and upbringing in human, public and state interests. It is noteworthy that in the Law on the first place is the development of personality.

The concept of learning process

In the "Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia" also explains what kind of education. Here the concept is somewhat wider. Education is a process of socialization, pedagogically organized and implemented in personal and public interests.

Types of training

First of all, they share professional and general education. In the latter case, it is supposed to obtain a single knowledge, regardless of the future specialization of a person. What is vocational education in this case? It is understood as the learning process, oriented in its content to the needs and conditions of a particular specialization. Of course, the composition of this process includes a general educational element. A student in a specialized institution, along with a professional, also receives a basic general education. Even in the curriculum of the university there are some basic, general disciplines. To them, for example, include philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, law, economics and others. The Law gives an idea of specialized and general training programs. They, along with educational standards, the system of institutions that implement them, the governing bodies constitute the entire educational network in Russia.

Levels of the learning process

What is education in modern Russia? It should be noted that the training system has undergone significant changes throughout its existence. Today in Russia, general education is divided into preschool, primary, general basic, complete secondary. Along with this, there are also specialized forms of training. You can understand the difference between levels of learning by looking at some definitions. For example, what is preschool education? This is an activity, the subject area of which is development, education, education of young children. And what is secondary education? This is a process of obtaining general knowledge aimed at the all-round development of children. This level is between the initial and the highest level of knowledge. Those who have a secondary general or vocational education have access to the next stage. After leaving school, college or college, a person enters the university. Further, postgraduate studies (post-doctoral or post-graduate) can follow. There are also optional forms of obtaining knowledge. What is additional education, it is easy to understand. Optional forms include various optional subjects, interest groups, courses for adults that provide advanced training. Returning to the question of what secondary education is, it should be noted that it is this level that is considered by many teachers to be the foundation that allows the student to develop his abilities in accordance with interests, having acquired basic knowledge.

Types of pedagogical institutions in Russia

Many experts believe that such education, which citizens receive in our country, contributes to the most comprehensive development of the individual. To ensure the best quality learning process, there are various institutions. Primary education of young children is obtained in the DOW. They include nurseries, kindergartens. However, it should be noted that, due to the fact that they are not able to cover all children today, the main responsibility for ensuring the initial upbringing of the child rests with the family. The next stage is the school. This institution ensures the initial general, basic or complete education of children. Under the name "school" should be understood and progymnasium, gymnasiums, lyceums and others. Some institutions practice in-depth study of individual subjects. In Russia there are also institutions for teaching children whose opportunities are limited.

Specialized, higher educational institutions

In Russia there are vocational schools and colleges. The learning process in institutions is aimed at obtaining the student's initial general knowledge of certain specialties. Citizens receive secondary vocational education in colleges and other similar institutions. The universities offer day and evening training. In these institutions, students receive higher education in accordance with the chosen specialization. There are also educational institutions for additional education of children and adults.

Forms of the pedagogical process

Citizens receive education, both higher and secondary, mainly in daytime classes. At the same time, there is an evening form of training. Relatively new is considered to be external. This form of training assumes an independent study of those or other subjects with the subsequent passing of examinations. To date, unlike in previous years, access to extranet has been significantly expanded. The extramural form of training is very popular. It is noteworthy that every year the number of part-time students increases. This indicates the interest of citizens in obtaining higher education. Interest is shown not only by graduates of schools, but also by the working part of youth. At the same time, many seek to obtain a second higher education. The distance learning form is also gaining popularity . To obtain knowledge in this way, computer technology, satellite television, the Internet are used. The spread of distance learning is mainly due to the computerization of educational institutions.

Obligation, the variability of the learning process

Variability of education should be understood as the ability of the learning process to match the capabilities and abilities of different groups of students and the personal characteristics of each. For the Russian pedagogical system, this trend is considered one of the main. Another direction, being the opposite, but at the same time inextricably linked with the first, is the standardization of the pedagogical process. Within the framework of this topic, the teaching process in state and non-state educational institutions is considered. Speaking about this, it is necessary to determine what a municipal formation is. This definition should be understood as a free form of education in public educational institutions.

Problems of pedagogy

There is a single state standard - the level of necessary knowledge that the student must receive in the process. Recently, it has often been said that the system of Russian education is experiencing serious problems. This is explained by the influence of the demographic reforms carried out in the country. However, these statements do not have the ground under themselves. According to statistics, recently the level of education has not only not decreased, but, on the contrary, has grown. This suggests that such a municipal entity that exists in Russia is a clearly organized pedagogical system. Of course, some schools came to replace others, and this process continues even now. For example, with the development of the industry, more skilled workers are required. In connection with this, the average and higher professional education is becoming more popular today.