Void walls of reinforced concrete. Application of reinforced concrete products in construction

During the construction of buildings and buildings, void walls made of reinforced concrete are often made. However, very few people know what kind of walls and what characteristics they have. Therefore, before using these structures for construction, it is worth exploring all their features.

Types of slabs of reinforced concrete

Depending on the composition and type of construction, reinforced concrete slabs are of the following types:

• Plates of reinforced concrete with a continuous structure. These products are available in different sizes. Their length varies between 1790-6260 mm, width 1200-4500 mm, and thickness 120 mm, 170 mm, 210 mm. This type of product has a large mass. Their weight depends on the size of the plate itself and ranges from 0.625 tons to 3.7 tons. The height can be up to 220 mm. These products are used to block walls in residential and public buildings.
• Plates with round voids. These are also quite large structures. Plates with a width of 100 mm have a length of 240-1200 mm, with a width of 120 mm - 170-890 mm, with a width of 150 mm - 240-890 mm. Height they reach a maximum of 220 mm. But unlike the solid floor slab, reinforced concrete hollow-core slabs have good sound insulation and thermal insulation. These indicators are provided by the presence of voids in the inner part of the plate.
• Special plates. These designs are suitable only for balconies, loggias, bay windows and plumbing. Their difference lies in the fact that the construction has special holes for laying pipes. The height of these structures is 200 mm.
• Plates with a ribbed structure. They are used to block brick residential and public buildings, they are also very often used to equip the bearing base of the roof. They are very large. Their length can reach up to 18 meters, width - 3 meters, and height - from 600 mm to 800 mm.
• Overlapping plates. They are installed between the columns of buildings. The length of these plates reaches 1.5 meters.
• Plates made of heavy concrete. These structures are installed between the columns on the first floor.

Features of walls from hollow plates

Currently, hollow plates are used in the construction of the walls of many buildings, including houses. This is understandable, because the hollow walls of reinforced concrete have the most good characteristics and qualities.

It is worth paying special attention to the following features of these designs:

1. Due to the fact that the panels have voids, they are very easy to install and the load on the walls is greatly reduced.
2. The voids provide good thermal insulation, and therefore the walls do not need to be insulated.
3. Another good feature is soundproofing. Despite the fact that the thickness of the walls of reinforced concrete does not change, the sound insulation is very high. Through the walls, almost no external sounds and noise.

Criteria for choosing plates for hollow walls

It is particularly important to choose the right designs for the construction of hollow walls. Therefore, before you begin to make hollow walls of reinforced concrete, it is worth paying attention to the properties of the plates.

Many people think that they differ only in parameters and sizes, but this is not entirely true. Multiband panels have further distinctive characteristics that will be useful in the construction of houses and public buildings.

Distinctive criteria for hollow panels

• The first distinctive characteristic is the reinforcement method. Depending on the type of plate, the reinforcement can be done using prestressed reinforcement or without a reinforcement. Especially often in the construction of panels using prestressed reinforcement.
• Another important feature is the number of sides of the support of the entire structure. Basically, all hollow structures can only be supported on two short sides. But sometimes there are designs with support on three or four sides.
• It is worth paying attention to the way of making plates. In general, hollow reinforced concrete slabs are produced with two PC or PB markings. Depending on this method of manufacturing the design of these products is different.

Differences of hollow PB panels from a PC

Panels under the brand PB are made by casting continuous formwork. They have a smooth and smooth surface, and they almost do not crack. These constructions use capital construction. Reinforced concrete slabs of this type can easily be cut along or into separate parts, and they can also be made oblique at an angle of 30 to 90 degrees. At the same time, their supporting structure is not violated. These properties make work on the construction site much easier.

Plates under the PC brand are cast in a formwork. With a length of up to 4.2 meters can be produced without pre-stressed reinforcement. In addition, they have a free deflection.

Features of mounting plates during the construction of hollow walls

Of course, to make the cavity walls of reinforced concrete strong and strong, you need to install the panels correctly.

Installation of hollow walls consists of the following:

1. Since there are no mounting hinges for the VB hollow plates for installation, the loading and unloading of these structures should be carried out using soft pins or a special traverse.
2. In order to pull the chalk out from under the panel, during the laying it is necessary to leave a small gap to the next panel. Next, the already installed slab should be pushed with a crowbar to the next panel.
3. It is necessary to observe the value of the minimum depth of the structure support. These indicators depend on the type of wall. For example, for brick walls, the minimum depth should be 8 cm, and the largest 16 cm, for the reinforced concrete wall, respectively, 7 cm and 12, for gas and foam concrete blocks - from 10 to 15, for steel structures - 7 cm.
4. Before you begin installing the panels, you need to hammer the ends of holes with voids. The emptiness can be sealed with pieces of wood or fragments of bricks. This is done so that the structure does not get water. Due to this, the service life of hollow walls increases, they do not crack, do not crumble.
5. After complete installation of the slabs, it is necessary to make an anchoring and filling the slots with cement. At the PC marking plates, the anchor hooks onto the mounting eyelet, and the emptiness is poured with cement.

Also, before you begin to install hollow structures, you should order a crane. It is important to consider the size of the access roads, the maximum possible reach of the boom of the truck crane and the possibility of an allowable weight of the crane's load capacity.

The cost of hollow structures of reinforced concrete

Few people know how much is the hollow reinforced concrete, the price of this product is different everywhere. Of course, everything depends on the quality and design of this product.

Stove brand PC costs from 2 to 12 thousand rubles. A panel of the brand PB cost from 1500 to 15 thousand rubles. The cost of these products depends on the size of the structure, quality and composition. The higher the quality and the bigger the plate, the higher the price of the product, respectively.