Types of syringes and needles. Medical syringes: device and dimensions

The syringe (its name comes from the German spritzen - sprinkle) is the name of a tool used in engineering, cooking and medicine to inject and remove various liquids or gases by means of piston pressure.

Medical syringes are tools used for injections, diagnostic punctures, or suction of pathological contents from the cavities of the human body. The principle of its work is that, when the piston rises, and the needle is placed in any vessel with liquid, a vacuum is created between the surface and the tool. Since the liquid in the vessel is acted upon by atmospheric pressure, it rises to its cavity.

Basically, the syringe is nothing but a hollow graduated cylinder with an open end (into which a piston with a rod is inserted) and with a cone at the other end (to which the needle is attached). Modern disposable syringes are almost entirely made of plastic, while some reusable syringes are made of metal.

Types of syringes and needles are distinguished depending on their size, purpose, design and number of possible uses.

Let's begin with the classification of tools by their design.

Distinguish two-component and three-component syringes. What is their difference? We have already described the construction of two-component ones - they consist only of a cylinder and a piston. In the three-component to these two parts, a third plunger is added.

We will explain what it is and why. A couple of decades ago, doctors noticed that the pain of the injection depends not only on how sharp the needle is in the syringe, but also on the smooth motion of the piston in it. The thing is that the nurse, making an injection, makes considerable efforts to "push" the piston inside the cylinder. Because of this, the entire syringe moves, and the needle that is in the human tissues, too. Actually, this is the cause of the pain.

Now go directly to the plunger. This is an ordinary rubber seal, which is attached to the piston for its more smooth movement along the cylinder of the syringe. Thus, the person who injects with less force exerts pressure on the syringe and the painful sensations almost disappear.

Currently, both species are used in medicine.

Consider also the classification of syringes by the number of uses. As is known, on this basis they are divided into disposable and reusable.

Disposable syringes (single-use disposable syringes)

Were widely used in the early 80's. They are almost entirely made of plastic, except for the needle - it is made of stainless steel. For a single administration of drugs, a syringe (or sirrette) is also sometimes used.

Most often, medical disposable syringes are types of injection syringes. Let's take a closer look at them.

Common disposable syringe

Conventional disposable syringes (types, the sizes of which we will consider later) are usually used to inject various injections. Its principle of operation and structure are already described above.

There are types of disposable syringes with the following volumes: 2 ml, 3 ml, 5 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml and 50 ml. There are also some non-standard species, for example, a small insulin syringe or a Jana syringe with a volume of 150 ml.

Insulin syringes

These are the types of syringes used to introduce insulin into the patient's body. The volume of such a syringe is 1 ml. It has a thin and fairly short needle, which makes the medication painless. In connection with the fact that this medicine is almost always independently administered by patients, this fact is very important.

All kinds of insulin syringes are marked not only in milliliters, but also in ED (units by which the dosage of insulin is made). In all the drugs that exist today, 1 ml contains 100 units - no more, no less.

These syringes also have a special shape of the piston, which provides maximum accuracy when the drug is administered. A standard insulin syringe is marked with a step of 1 unit, a syringe for children - 0.5 or 0.25 units.

Previously, syringes of the size of 40 units were also used, but at the moment they practically came out of use.

For the introduction of insulin, a pen-syringe is often used, too, since with its help it is easier to do. We will discuss these types of syringes later.

Despite the fact that the insulin syringe is considered to be disposable, it can be used several times until the needle comes up.

Syringe Janet

Of all types of medical syringes, this is the largest. Its capacity is 150 ml. The Janet Syringe is most often used for washing the cavities of the human body or sucking liquids, but can also be used for other purposes. For example, sometimes it is used for setting enemas. Can be used for intra-abdominal, intravenous or intratracheal infusions, for which an ordinary syringe will be too small.

If you watched the "Caucasian captive", you should remember the scene in which Byvalomu put an intramuscular injection with sleeping pills with the help of the same syringe Janet. We must understand that this is just a film, and in real life, the syringe is not used for such purposes.

Self-locking syringes

Types of disposable syringes that were designed specifically for regular large-scale immunization programs of the population or for any other injection in large quantities.

Their peculiarity is that the repeated use of such a syringe is impossible and eliminated mechanically. They are so constructed that after the first use the piston is blocked, and the syringe remains only to be thrown out. This is their main advantage over all other disposable species that can actually be used more than once.

Syringe tube

Medical syringes intended for single administration of a medicinal product. Such varieties are usually in the first aid kit of each paramedic. They are completely sterile and already contain the right dose of medicine in a sealed vessel-casing.

Types of syringes, photos of which you will find under the description, do not end with disposable syringes.

Now consider reusable models and their varieties.

Reusable syringes

It seemed that in the modern world there simply is no place for such unreliable things as reusable syringes. But no, some of their types are often used and completely safe.

Conventional reusable syringes

For the first time reusable glass syringes appeared in the distant 1857 and they looked almost the same as modern ones. The idea of creating a glass syringe belongs to the glass-blower Fournier. In the late 19th century, his idea was bought by a French company and immediately introduced glass syringes into practice. It was from that moment on that the reusable syringes became the property of mankind. Even then they were manufactured in various sizes, from 2 to 100 ml. The syringe of that time had a graduated glass cylinder, ending with a cone. Inside the cylinder was a piston. This structure was sterilized by boiling. The glass was thermally stable and could withstand temperatures of up to 200 degrees.

To replace this model in 1906 came a syringe of the "Record" type, which had a metal needle, a glass cylinder sealed on both sides into metal rings, and a metal piston with rubber rings for sealing.

Sterilized syringes are usually stored in thick brown paper. It was called "kraft pack". Reusable needles were attached to the syringe. During the use of these tools, the injection procedure was really very painful, since the reusable needles were quickly blunt due to repeated boiling. Before the process, the syringes were cleaned with a special wire - mandrone. In the pharmacies of that time, they sold special containers for storing tools.

Probably, it is not necessary to talk about the possibility of transmitting various infections with the help of such syringes.

Fortunately, today such designs are no longer used. To reusable syringes of our generation are the following types:

Syringe pen

This type of syringe has already been mentioned in the article. With its help people with diabetes inject insulin into the body.

Its name was given to the syringe because of the apparent similarity with the pen. It consists of several parts: the body itself, the cartridge (or cartridge case, cartridge) with a dose of insulin, a removable needle that is put on the tip of the cartridge, the piston trigger mechanism, the case and the cap.

Just like an insulin syringe, the syringe pen has a very thin needle, for a less painful procedure. With this device, the procedures become almost invisible, which means a lot for people who inject several times a day.

The difference between this device and the insulin syringe is a reduction in the laboriousness of the operation and more convenience.

The dispensing mechanism of the syringe-pen accurately allows you to enter the desired dose of the drug. It is desirable to recharge the cartridge every few days. To change the case with insulin you need only a few seconds.

Some models of the syringe-pen have a removable needle, in this case, it must be changed at least once a week. In models where the needle can not be replaced, it must be sterilized.

The syringe pen is widely distributed all over the world.

Carpool syringes

Despite the fact that in modern medicine, disposable carp syringes are increasingly being used, we nevertheless referred them to the section "reusable".

The carpal syringe refers to injectable and is mainly used in dentistry. Yes, it is with the help of this metal device with an ampulla and a tiny needle that we are being injected with anesthesia in the treatment of teeth.

Sometimes it is also used for the administration of other medications.

In 2010, the company "AERC-MED" patented the first disposable carp syringes. Every year they only gain popularity, gradually superseding their predecessors.

Syringe Pistol

A miracle device for those who, like fire, are afraid of injections. It is also called the Kalashnikov syringe, but not because of the similarity with the machine, but because of the name of the person who invented it. The whole mechanism was invented for a quick and painless introduction of the medicine and is intended for independent use. It's very simple: install a 5 ml syringe (pre-filled with medicine) into the structure, bring it to the skin and press the trigger.

It is very important that the volume of the used syringe is exactly 5 ml, then it will hold tight and will not fall out during the process.

The inventor points out that his mechanism makes the procedure painless and absolutely safe, that is, the needle will fall exactly on the target and nothing will hurt.

Syringe Dart

Types of syringes, which are most often used in veterinary medicine. With their help sick animals are injected with anesthetics or any medications.

Also this kind of syringes is used during hunting for wild animals, or when a large animal needs to be put to sleep for a while.

There are special veterinary guns, instead of cartridges they shoot such darts with sleeping pills.

Syringes: types, length of needles for syringes

As you already understood, this article is not just about syringes. Types of syringes and needles for them are closely interrelated. There are two types of medical needles - injectable and surgical. We are interested only in the first, intended for the introduction or removal of any liquid in / from the body (a). They are hollow inside, and their most important property is absolute sterility.

Hollow needles are classified according to the type of tip and the caliber. There are 5 main types of the point: AS, 2, 3, 4, 5. We will not consider each separately, we will only clarify that in medicine, type 4 needles are often used, with a pointed point 10-12 degrees. By the caliber of 23 types of needles, from 33 to 10. In medicine, anyone can be used.

Below is a small compatibility table. Syringes (types by volume) are indicated in the left column, and the corresponding needles for them are on the right.

Volume of used syringe	A suitable needle
Insulin, 1 ml	10 x 0.45 or 0.40 mm
2 ml	30 x 0.6 mm
3 ml	30 x 06 mm
5 ml	40 x 0.7 mm
10 ml	40 x 0.8 mm
20 ml	40 x 0.8 mm
50 ml	40 x 1.2 mm
Syringe Janet, 150 ml	400 x 1.2 mm

We examined the medical syringes and needles that are used with them. Without a doubt, an entire article can also be given to other types of instruments, but in this we will not focus on them.