Types and methods of information perception

Every day a lot of information collapses on every person. We are confronted with new situations, objects, phenomena. Some people cope with this flow of knowledge without problems and successfully use it in their own interests. Others are difficult to remember at least something. In many ways, this situation is explained by the person's belonging to a certain type in the way that information is perceived. If it is served in an uncomfortable form for a person, then processing it will be extremely difficult.

What is information?

The concept of "information" has an abstract meaning and in many respects its definition depends on the context. Translated from the Latin language, this word means "clarification," "representation," "familiarization." Most often, the term "information" is understood as new facts that are perceived and understood by a person, and are also recognized as useful. In the process of processing these newly obtained information, people receive certain knowledge.

How is the information perceived?

Perception of information by a person is an acquaintance with phenomena and objects through their influence on various senses. Analyzing the result of the impact of a particular object or situation on the organs of sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch, the individual gets a certain idea of them. Thus, the basis in the process of perception of information is our five senses. At the same time, the past experience of a person and previously acquired knowledge are actively involved. Turning to them, you can refer the information received to already known phenomena or to separate them from the general mass into a separate category. The methods of perception of information are based on certain processes related to the human psyche:

• Thinking (seeing or hearing an object or phenomenon, a person, starting to think, realizes what he faced);
• Speech (the ability to name the object of perception);
• Feelings (various types of reactions to objects of perception);
• Will (the ability of a person to organize the process of perception).

Presentation of information

According to this parameter, the information can be divided into the following types:

• Text . It is represented in the form of all sorts of symbols, which, combined with each other, allow you to get words, phrases, sentences in any language.
• Numeric . This information is represented by numbers and signs that express a certain mathematical effect.
• Sound . This is directly oral speech, thanks to which information from one person is transferred to another, and various audio recordings.
• Graphical . It includes diagrams, graphics, drawings and other images.

Perception and presentation of information are inextricably linked. Each person tries to choose exactly the type of data submission, which will provide the best understanding of them.

Ways of human information perception

At the disposal of man there are several such methods. They are determined by the five senses: sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell. In this regard, there is a certain classification of information by way of perception:

• Visual;
• Sound;
• Tactile;
• Flavoring;
• Olfactory.

Visual information is perceived through the eyes. Thanks to them, various visual images enter the human brain, which are then processed there. Hearing is necessary for the perception of information coming in the form of sounds (speech, noise, music, signals). The organs of touch are responsible for the possibility of perceiving tactile information. Receptors located on the skin allow one to evaluate the temperature of the object under study, the type of its surface, its shape. Tasteful information enters the brain from receptors in the language and is converted into a signal by which a person understands what kind of product it is: sour, sweet, bitter or salty. Smell also helps us to know the world around us, allowing us to distinguish and identify all kinds of smells. The main role in the perception of information is played by vision. It accounts for about 90% of the knowledge gained. The audio method of perception of information (broadcast, for example) is about 9%, and the rest of the sense organs are responsible for only 1%.

Types of perception

The same information received in any particular way is perceived by each person in different ways. Someone after a minute reading of one of the pages of the book can easily retell its contents, while the other will not remember almost anything. But if such a person read the same text aloud, he will easily reproduce what he has heard. Such differences determine the characteristics of the perception of information by people, each of which is inherent in a certain type. There are only four:

• Visuals.
• Audials.
• Kinestetics.
• The Discrets.

Often it is very important to know what type of perception of information is dominant for a person and how it is characterized. This greatly improves mutual understanding between people, makes it possible to deliver the necessary information as quickly and fully as possible to their interlocutor.

Visuals

These are people for whom the main sense organ in the process of knowing the world around and perceiving information is vision. They perfectly memorize new material if they see it in the form of text, pictures, charts and graphs. In the speech of visuals, words that are somehow related to the characteristics of objects by their external signs, the very function of sight ("look", "light", "bright", "will be seen", "it seems to me") are often found in the speech of visuals. Such people usually speak loudly, quickly, actively gesticulating while doing so. The visuals pay great attention to their appearance, the environment.

Audials

For audials it is much easier to learn what they once heard, rather than saw a hundred times. The peculiarities of the perception of information by such people consist in their ability to listen and remember well what was said, either in conversation with colleagues or relatives, or at a lecture at the institute or at a workshop. Audials have a large vocabulary, it is pleasant to communicate with them. Such people can perfectly convince the interlocutor in a conversation with him. Active activities are preferred by quiet activities, like listening to music.

Kinesthetics

Touch, smell and taste play an important role in the process of perception of information by kinesthetics. They tend to touch, feel, taste the object. Significant for kinesthetics and motor activity. In the speech of such people, there are often words describing sensations ("soft", "according to my sensations," "suffice"). For a kinesthetic child, a physical contact with close people is necessary. For him, embraces and kisses, comfortable clothes, soft and clean bed are important.

Discrets

The methods of perception of information are directly related to the senses of man. Most people get knowledge through sight, hearing, touch, smell and taste. However, the types of perception of information include the one that is associated primarily with thinking. People who perceive the surrounding world in this way are called discrete. There are quite a few of them, and they are found only among adults, as the children have not developed enough logic. At a young age, the main ways of perceiving information with discretes are visual and audible. And only with age, they begin to actively reflect on what they see and hear, while discovering new knowledge for themselves.

Type of perception and learning

The ways people perceive information in many ways determine the form of instruction that will be most effective for them. Of course, there are no such people who would receive new knowledge entirely with the help of one sense organ or their group, for example, of touch and smell. All of them act as a means of perceiving information. However, knowing what senses are the dominant in a particular person makes it possible for others to quickly bring to him the necessary information, and the person himself can effectively organize the process of self-education.

Visuals, for example, need to represent all new information in a readable form, in figures and diagrams. In this case, they are much better remember it. Vizuals do well in exact sciences. Even in childhood they perfectly add puzzles, they know many geometric figures, draw well, draw, build from cubes or a designer.

Audials, on the other hand, are more likely to perceive information from oral speech. It can be a conversation with someone, a lecture, an audio recording. When teaching a foreign language for audials, audio courses are more preferable than a printed self-instruction manual. If you still need to remember the written text, it's better to say it aloud.

Kinesthetics are very mobile. They find it difficult to concentrate on anything for a long time. It is difficult for such people to learn the material obtained at the lecture or from the textbook. The process of memorization will be faster if kinestetics learn to connect theory and practice. It is easier for them to study such sciences as physics, chemistry, biology, in which a specific scientific term or law can be represented as a result of experience conducted in the laboratory.

It takes a little bit more time for discrepancies than other people to take note of new information. They must first comprehend it, correlate it with their past experience. Such people can, for example, record a lecture of a teacher on a dictaphone, in order to listen to it a second time. Among the discrepancies are many people of science, since rationality and logicalness are above all for them. Therefore, in the process of studying, they will be closest to those subjects in which accuracy determines the perception of information - informatics, for example.

Role in communication

Types of perception of information also affect how to communicate better with a person , so that he listens to you. For visuals, the appearance of the interlocutor is very important. The slightest negligence in clothes can push him away, after which it will not matter what he says. Talking with a visual, you need to pay attention to your facial expressions, speak quickly with the use of gesticulation, to support the conversation with schematic drawings.

In a conversation with the audial there should be words that are close to him ("listen to me", "it sounds tempting," "it says a lot"). The perception of information by an audial person depends in many ways on how the interlocutor speaks. The timbre of the voice should be calm, pleasant. It is better to postpone an important conversation with audial if you have a bad cold. Such people do not tolerate shrill notes in their voice.

Negotiations with the kinesthetic should be carried out in a room with a comfortable air temperature, a pleasant smell. Such people sometimes need to touch their interlocutor, so they understand what they hear or see better. Do not expect from the kinesthetic rapid decision making immediately after the conversation. He needs time to listen to his feelings and understand that he is doing everything right.

Dialogue with a discrete must be built on the principle of rationality. It is best to operate with strict scientific facts, rules. For a discrete language of figures is more understandable.